Paper Push: 2026-06-25
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每日论文推送：BGC-Argo、海色/海洋光学、海洋热浪与碳泵Daily Paper Push: BGC-Argo, ocean colour/ocean optics, marine heatwaves and carbon pump
本期由 GitHub Actions 自动检索生成：Nature/Science 系列优先，其次是用户指定重点期刊，再补充重点关注团队的新论文，最后纳入其他相关期刊；历史去重后保留 7 篇，不超过每日 50 篇上限。 This issue was generated automatically by GitHub Actions: Nature and Science series first, then the user-defined priority journals, then new papers from the focused team, followed by other relevant journals as topical supplements. After deduplication, 7 papers remain, below the daily limit of 50.
Download Word summary
无 mechanism sketch 图。今天的意大利语卡片： No mechanism sketch figure today. Daily Italian card:
每日一句意大利语Daily Italian
Vuolsi così colà dove si puote ciò che si vuole.
Dante, Commedia, Inferno III, 95-96; Italian original from Kalliope
这是维吉尔多次使用的权威句式，意思是“在能实现意志之处，事情就是如此被愿意的”。它表达不可违抗的天命秩序。
Virgil uses this formula of authority: so it is willed where what is willed can be done. It signals an order beyond ordinary objection.
趋势总结Trend Summary
本期重点关注 BGC-Argo、海色遥感/海洋光学、海洋热浪、浮游植物垂向结构和碳泵过程。筛选逻辑不再只限于重点期刊；当高影响力期刊当天新增较少时，会额外检索重点关注团队作者的新论文，并用海洋、海色/光学和碳循环关键词过滤，再从其他相关期刊补充候选论文。
This issue focuses on BGC-Argo, ocean-colour remote sensing, ocean optics, marine heatwaves, vertical phytoplankton structure and carbon-pump processes. The selection is no longer limited to priority journals; when few high-impact papers are newly available, the workflow also checks focused-team authors and filters those papers with ocean, ocean-colour/optics, and carbon-cycle keywords before adding other relevant journals as supplements.
重点期刊：按影响力和相关性排序Key journals: ordered by impact and relevance
1. Global Ocean data set of marine aerosol properties
作者Authors: Patricia K. Quinn; Timothy S. Bates; Derek J. Coffman; James E. Johnson; Lucia M. Upchurch; Hanna Best
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Earth System Science Data · DOI: 10.5194/essd-18-4317-2026
关键词Tags: phytoplankton; bio-optics phytoplankton; bio-optics
摘要：NOAA 的太平洋海洋环境实验室 (PMEL) 自 1991 年以来一直在研究航行中测量气溶胶化学、微物理、光学和云成核特性。这 25 次航行覆盖了世界上所有的海洋 - 太平洋、大西洋、印度洋、北极和南半球。其结果是迄今为止最全面、公开的海洋大气气溶胶特性数据库。该数据库还包含气相物种（O3、SO2）、氡和二甲硫醚（DMS）、海水物种（DMS、NH4+、NO3-和叶绿素a）以及气象参数。此处提供了巡航的详细信息（地点、日期和目标）、测量的参数、使用的仪器和数据可用性。还包括 PMEL 的高级主要发现以及其他人过去对数据的使用。 本文的目标是提高大气气溶胶原位测量、卫星和建模界对数据库的更广泛认识。数据可在 NOAA 国家环境信息中心 (NCEI) 数据档案中公开获取 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/, NOAA, 2025)（另请参阅表 7 中所有数据集的列表）。本文提供了每次巡航的数字对象标识符 (DOI) 的链接。
Abstract: NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) has made measurements of aerosol chemical, microphysical, optical, and cloud nucleating properties onboard research cruises since 1991. The twenty-five cruises have covered all of the world's oceans – the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern. The result is the most comprehensive, publicly available database of aerosol properties in the marine atmosphere to date. The database also contains gas-phase species (O3, SO2), Radon, and dimethylsulfide (DMS), seawater species (DMS, NH4+, NO3-, and chlorophyll a), and meteorological parameters. Details of the cruises (locations, dates, and objectives), parameters measured, instrumentation used, and data availability are provided here. Also included are PMEL's high-level major findings and past usage of the data by others. The goal of this paper is to promote broader awareness of the database to the atmospheric aerosol in situ measurement, satellite, and modelling communities. Data are publicly available at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) data archive (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/, NOAA, 2025) (see also the list of all data sets in Table 7). Links to the Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) for each cruise are provided herein.
2. A 30-year ocean front dataset from 1993 to 2023 for the Northwest Pacific Ocean based on deep learning
作者Authors: Yuan Niu; Xuefeng Zhang; Dianjun Zhang
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Earth System Science Data · DOI: 10.5194/essd-18-4303-2026
关键词Tags: ocean colour ocean colour
摘要：海洋锋面是不同水团之间的关键界面，深刻影响着大气-海洋相互作用、天气系统、海洋生态系统和气候调节。对海洋锋面的准确和长期观测对于推进气象学、海洋学和气候科学的研究至关重要。然而，目前尚不存在公开可用的长期海滨数据集，并且现有的检测方法通常依赖于耗时的手动标记或传统算法，在复杂的正面区域精度有限。在这项研究中，我们发布了第一个公开的西北太平洋 30 年海滨数据集（1993-2023），该数据集是通过将深度学习框架（Mask R-CNN）应用于每日海面温度（SST）场而生成的，并使用手动注释的样本进行模型训练。 该模型利用 L3 遥感卫星海表温度数据和 GLORYS12V1 L4 再分析海表温度产品进行训练。该数据集提供像素级额叶边界以及相关属性，包括位置、强度和宽度，以 NetCDF-4 格式以 1/12° 空间和每日时间分辨率存储。精度评估表明，平均精度（mAP）超过0. 90，与传统梯度方法相比，前沿宽度和强度误差更小。该数据集提供了三个主要贡献：（1）它通过提供标准化的长期海滨产品填补了关键空白； （2）它作为深度学习模型的即用型训练资源，大大减少了手动标记的需要； (3)为其他海滨探测产品的验证和比对提供基准样本。 该数据集支持对季节性到年际锋面变化的强有力的研究，并为气象学、生态系统管理和气候变化研究的应用提供了宝贵的基础。本研究开发的海滨数据集可在 https://doi 上获取。 org/10.第5281章16921277（牛，2025a）。
Abstract: Ocean fronts are critical interfaces between different water masses and profoundly influence atmosphere–ocean interactions, weather systems, marine ecosystems, and climate regulation. Accurate and long-term observations of ocean fronts are essential for advancing studies in meteorology, oceanography, and climate science. However, no publicly available, long-term ocean front dataset currently exists, and the existing detection methods often rely on time-consuming manual labeling or traditional algorithms with limited accuracy in complex frontal regions. In this study, we release the first publicly available 30-year ocean front dataset (1993–2023) for the Northwest Pacific, which was generated by applying a deep learning framework (Mask R-CNN) to daily sea surface temperature (SST) fields with manually annotated samples for model training. The model was trained utilizing both L3 remote sensing satellite SST data and the GLORYS12V1 L4 reanalysis SST product. The dataset provides pixel-level frontal boundaries along with the associated attributes, including the position, intensity, and width, stored in NetCDF-4 format at a 1/12° spatial and daily temporal resolution. An accuracy evaluation shows that the mean average precision (mAP) exceeds 0.90, and compared with traditional gradient methods, the errors in front width and intensity are smaller. The dataset offers three main contributions: (1) It fills a critical gap by providing a standardized, long-term ocean front product; (2) it serves as a ready-to-use training resource for deep learning models that greatly reduces the need for manual labeling; and (3) it provides benchmark samples for validation and intercomparison of other ocean front detection products. This dataset supports robust investigations of the seasonal-to-interannual frontal variability and provides a valuable foundation for applications in meteorology, ecosystems management and climate change research. The ocean front dataset developed in this study is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16921277 (Niu, 2025a).
3. Biophysical Drivers of Surface Chlorophyll‐a in the Loop Current and Frontal Eddies in the Gulf of Mexico
作者Authors: Pamela Lee; Luna Hiron; Ganesh Gopalakrishnan; Bulusu Subrahmanyam
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · DOI: 10.1029/2025jc023797
关键词Tags: phytoplankton; vertical structure phytoplankton; vertical structure
摘要：环路电流锋面涡流 (LCFE) 是由于环路电流 (LC) 的不稳定性而产生的涡流。 LCFE 长期以来一直被认为是鱼类群落的绿洲，因为它们的叶绿素-a (Chl-a) 浓度较高，通常归因于其气旋性质。然而，LCFE 中叶绿素 a 增加的具体驱动因素仍有待探索。利用多个卫星数据集（绝对动态地形和叶绿素a）、高分辨率（~4公里）混合坐标海洋模型（HYCOM）再分析和河流数据，我们确定了影响LCFE内和东部海湾叶绿素a浓度的几个关键物理和生物地球化学因素。其中包括 LC 相位、LCFE 位置、涡流驱动的水平和垂直平流、季节性混合层变化以及密西西比-阿查法拉亚河流量和相关营养物浓度。 我们发现，混合层季节性和河流养分输入经常竞争影响叶绿素a的年内变异。在冬季，河流养分含量最低，更深的混合层和减少的分层有利于近海地区叶绿素的增加。相比之下，在夏季，河流养分浓度增加和风引起的跨陆架输送更强，补偿了强烈分层和浅混合层引起的垂直通量减少。此外，涡流驱动的水平和垂直平流将富含营养物质的水域从大陆架和深海输送到涡流中，在调节叶绿素a浓度方面发挥着关键作用。我们的研究结果表明，LCFE 和 Chl-a 之间的关系比之前想象的更为复杂，并强调了物理和生物地球化学过程在塑造 Chl-a 模式中的重要性。 了解这些动态可以通过提高叶绿素a在时间和空间尺度上的可预测性来改善渔业管理。
Abstract: Loop Current Frontal Eddies (LCFEs) are eddies that generate through instabilities of the Loop Current (LC). LCFEs have long been considered oases for fish communities due to their elevated chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) concentrations, typically attributed to their cyclonic nature. However, the specific drivers of the increased Chl‐a within LCFEs remain unexplored. Using multiple satellite data sets (absolute dynamic topography and Chl‐a), a high‐resolution (∼4 km) Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) reanalysis and riverine data, we identify several key physical and biogeochemical factors influencing Chl‐a concentrations within LCFEs and in the eastern Gulf. These include the LC phase, LCFE position, eddy‐driven horizontal and vertical advection, seasonal mixed layer variability, and Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River discharge and associated nutrient concentrations. We find that mixed layer seasonality and riverine nutrient input often compete to shape intra‐annual Chl‐a variability. In winter, when riverine nutrients are minimal, deeper mixed layers and reduced stratification facilitate Chl‐a increase in offshore regions. In contrast, during summer, increased riverine nutrient concentration and stronger wind‐induced cross‐shelf transport compensate for reduced vertical fluxes caused by strong stratification and shallow mixed layers. Additionally, eddy‐driven horizontal and vertical advection transports nutrient‐rich waters from the continental shelf and the deep ocean into the eddy, playing a key role in modulating their Chl‐a concentrations. Our findings reveal that the relationship between LCFEs and Chl‐a is more complex than previously thought and underscore the importance of physical and biogeochemical processes in shaping Chl‐a patterns. Understanding these dynamics can improve fishery management by increasing Chl‐a predictability across temporal and spatial scales.
4. Tidal modulation constrains phytoplankton bloom resilience in a eutrophic estuary
作者Authors: Yichong Wang; Jixin Chen; Weinan Li; Wenxin Fan; Min Bao; Lingxin Chen; Nengwang Chen; Wupeng Xiao; et al.
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Limnology and Oceanography · DOI: 10.1002/lno.70437
关键词Tags: phytoplankton; vertical structure phytoplankton; vertical structure
摘要：潮汐活跃的河口浮游植物的繁殖通常是短暂的，但驱动其快速爆发和突然崩溃的机制仍然知之甚少。仅靠营养富集并不能解释这些快速的繁荣-萧条循环，这表明潮汐循环等周期性强迫在控制水华动态方面具有潜在的调节作用。在这里，我们使用高分辨率三维物理-生物地球化学耦合模型，并通过现场观测进行验证，来调查厦门湾（一个富营养化的亚热带海湾）的短暂水华。小潮分层和最佳温度-光照条件有利于水华的发生，但随后的大潮通过湍流破坏、垂直输出到光限制层以及近海平流损失而导致水华迅速下降。 诊断预算分析显示，尽管生物产量仍然为正值，但实物出口始终超过其产量，这凸显了生物量保留相对于养分供应在维持水华方面的首要地位。尽管氮持续过量，但磷枯竭、光照稀释和阵发性强风进一步限制了水华的恢复能力。空间异质性进一步塑造了水华轨迹，半封闭的子流域支持局部生长，而开放区域则以运输过程为主。总之，这些结果支持了大潮汐河口水华调节的保留控制框架，其中春季-小潮周期充当了控制产量和损失之间平衡的分层时间调节器。 这种从以营养为中心到以滞留为介导的控制的转变有助于解释为什么富营养化河口经常出现短暂的水华，并为解释潮汐活跃的沿海环境中的水华变化提供了通用的机制基础。
Abstract: Phytoplankton blooms in tidally energetic estuaries are typically short‐lived, yet the mechanisms driving their rapid onset and abrupt collapse remain poorly understood. Nutrient enrichment alone cannot account for these rapid boom‐bust cycles, pointing to the potential regulatory role of periodic forcings such as tidal cycles in governing bloom dynamics. Here, we used a high‐resolution three‐dimensional physical‐biogeochemical coupled model, validated with field observations, to investigate a transient bloom in Xiamen Bay, a eutrophic subtropical embayment. Bloom initiation was favored by neap‐tide stratification and optimal temperature‐light conditions, but subsequent spring tides induced rapid decline through turbulent disruption, vertical export into light‐limited layers, and offshore advective loss. Diagnostic budget analyses revealed that although biological production remained positive, it was consistently outweighed by physical export, underscoring the primacy of biomass retention over nutrient supply in sustaining blooms. Despite persistent nitrogen excess, bloom resilience was further constrained by phosphorus depletion, light dilution, and episodic wind forcing. Spatial heterogeneity further shaped bloom trajectories, with semi‐enclosed sub‐basins supporting local growth while open areas were dominated by transport processes. Together, these results support a retention‐controlled framework for bloom regulation in macrotidal estuaries, in which the spring‐neap cycle acts as a hierarchical temporal regulator governing the balance between production and loss. This shift from nutrient‐centric to retention‐mediated controls helps explain why eutrophic estuaries often host short‐lived blooms and provides a generalized mechanistic basis for interpreting bloom variability in tidally energetic coastal environments.
重点关注团队Focused team
5. Extraction of Alteration Minerals and Prospecting Prediction in Vegetated Regions Based on GF-5B Hyperspectral Data: A Case Study of the Huzhou Region, Zhejiang Province, China
作者Authors: Yifan Huang; Zhichun Wu; Zhiqiang Zhang; Fusheng Guo; Baowen Guan; Ziwei Yan; Hualiang Li; Hui Liang; et al.
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Minerals · DOI: 10.3390/min16070669
关键词Tags: ocean colour; vertical structure ocean colour; vertical structure
摘要：高光谱遥感可以通过光谱图像集成和高分辨率功能来精确识别蚀变矿物。然而，植被干扰严重阻碍了植被地区蚀变信息的提取，从而对蚀变矿物的可靠识别提出了挑战。本研究利用在中国浙江省湖州地区获取的 GF-5B 卫星 AHSI 图像，通过新型区域自适应植被抑制技术 (ZAVST) 来应对这一挑战。 通过构建分段统计模型，将多个光谱带的反射率特征与 NDVI 值联系起来，ZAVST 展示了减轻植被遮挡对地下岩性特征的影响的增强能力，同时大大提高了对矿化的微妙光谱特征特征的识别。 结果揭示了不同的空间模式：含铁蚀变矿物（赤铁矿、黄铁矿）沿 NE 向断层和火山盆地边缘排列； Al-OH蚀变（蒙脱石、高岭石）聚集在侵入接触面附近； Mg-OH 蚀变（绿泥石、绿帘石）发生在碳酸盐层序和隐蔽侵入体之间的界面处。 在该地区发现了表现出堆叠矿物特征（多达四种不同类型）的复合蚀变异常，表明与已知矿化中心具有很强的空间相关性。综合蚀变分带、构造线貌、地层、地球化学异常和矿体记录等，研究圈定了李家巷镇、梅溪镇东部、庙溪镇和莫干山火山盆地中部四个优先目标。
Abstract: Hyperspectral remote sensing enables precise identification of alteration mineral through spectral–image integration and high-resolution capabilities. However, vegetation interference significantly hinders the extraction of alteration information in vegetated areas, thereby posing challenges to the reliable identification of alteration minerals. This study employs GF-5B satellite AHSI imagery acquired in the Huzhou region of Zhejiang Province, China, to address this challenge via a novel Zonal Adaptive Vegetation Suppression Technique (ZAVST). By constructing segmented statistical models that links reflectance characteristics across multiple spectral bands to NDVI values, ZAVST demonstrates an enhanced capability to mitigate vegetation obscuration effects on subsurface lithological features while substantially improving the identification of subtle spectral signatures characteristic of mineralization. Results reveal distinct spatial patterns: Fe-bearing alteration minerals (hematite, pyrite) align along NE-trending faults and volcanic basin margins; Al-OH alterations (montmorillonite, kaolinite) cluster near intrusive contacts; Mg-OH alterations (chlorite, epidote) occur at interfaces between carbonate sequences and concealed intrusions. Composite alteration anomalies exhibiting stacked mineral signatures (up to four distinct types) were identified across the region, demonstrating a strong spatial correlation with known mineralization centers. By integrating alteration zonation, structural lineaments, stratigraphy, geochemical anomalies, and orebody records, this study delineated four priority targets: Lijiaxiang Town, eastern Meixi Town, Miaoxi Town, and the central Moganshan Volcanic Basin.
6. Retrieving tropospheric temperature and humidity profiles over the ocean using buoy-based microwave radiometers
作者Authors: Zhiqian Li; Fuqing Liu; Shuo Jiang; Zhongling Zhou; Zhijin Qiu; Jing Zou; Tong Hu; Ke Qi; et al.
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques · DOI: 10.5194/amt-19-4121-2026
关键词Tags: ocean colour ocean colour
摘要：获取海上大气温度和湿度剖面对于气象预报、海洋监测和国家安全具有重要战略意义。在复杂海况下实现其实时、稳定、常规检索是一项关键而紧迫的挑战。传统的检索方法严重依赖于大型历史数据集。然而，海洋探测站稀疏，使得数据采集具有挑战性。地基微波辐射计具有独特的连续、全天候遥感大气热辐射的能力，能够对海洋区域的温度和湿度剖面进行常规检索。同时，浮标平台会受到波浪扰动，导致天顶角观测结果发生实时变化。如果不进行校正，这会导致目标亮度温度出现显着的随机误差。 针对这些问题，本文提出了一种协作检索方法。该方法不依赖大规模历史数据集进行模型训练，并集成平台态度信息。我们的方法使用多目标遗传算法基于有限数量的本地无线电探空仪数据构建小规模联合先验数据库，该数据库仅作为检索过程的初始物理约束。它还结合了姿态误差修正模型、经验压力高度方程和并行优化策略。这从而减少了对大量历史数据集的依赖。它还可以有效减轻姿态引起的亮度温度偏差，提高计算效率，并实现海洋大气剖面的实时、常规检索。 模拟实验和青岛胶州湾的现场测试证实了这一结果。在稀疏数据条件下，系统偏差校正前温度RMSE为4. 11 K，校正后为2. 13 K；相对湿度RMSE校正前为24. 09 %，校正后为21. 42 %。提出了用于操作部署的单一静态偏差校正配置文件，其实现了与交叉验证结果相当的性能。这验证了该方法在真实海洋环境中的稳定性和适用性。这项研究为无线电探空仪稀疏的海洋区域实时、稳定、常规地探测海洋大气参数提供了一条潜在的实用途径。
Abstract: The acquisition of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles over the sea is strategically vital for meteorological forecasting, marine monitoring, and national security. Achieving their real-time, stable, and routine retrieval under complex sea conditions is a critical and urgent challenge. Traditional retrieval methods rely heavily on large historical datasets. However, marine sounding stations are sparse, making data acquisition challenging. Ground-based microwave radiometers offer a unique capability for continuous, all-weather remote sensing of atmospheric thermal emission, enabling routine retrieval of temperature and humidity profiles over oceanic regions. Meanwhile, buoy platforms experience wave disturbance, causing real-time variations in zenith angle observations. Without correction, this induces significant random errors in target brightness temperature. To address these issues, this paper proposes a collaborative retrieval method. This method does not rely on large-scale historical datasets for model training and integrates platform attitude information. Our approach uses a multi-objective genetic algorithm to construct a small-scale joint prior database based on a limited amount of local radiosonde data, which serves only as an initial physical constraint for the retrieval process. It also incorporates an attitude error correction model, an empirical pressure-altitude equation, and a parallel optimization strategy. This thereby reduces dependence on extensive historical datasets. It also effectively mitigates attitude-induced brightness-temperature deviation, enhances computational efficiency, and enables real-time, routine retrieval of marine atmospheric profiles. Simulation experiments and field tests in Qingdao's Jiaozhou Bay confirm the results. Under sparse-data conditions, the temperature RMSE is 4.11 K before systematic bias correction and 2.13 K after correction, while the relative-humidity RMSE is 24.09 % before correction and 21.42 % after correction. A single static bias correction profile is proposed for operational deployment, which achieves performance comparable to the cross-validation results. This validates the method's stability and applicability in real marine environments. This research provides a potentially practical pathway for ocean areas with sparse radiosondes for real-time, stable, and routine detection of marine atmospheric parameters.
7. Biodiversity-Centered Blue Carbon Management in Vegetated Coastal Wetlands: A Review of Conservation, Restoration, Monitoring, and Climate Adaptation Across Mangroves, Seagrass Beds, and Salt Marshes
作者Authors: Yan Zheng; Wenhai Lu; Hefeng Wang
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Diversity · DOI: 10.3390/d18070388
关键词Tags: ocean colour ocean colour
摘要：植被覆盖的沿海湿地，特别是红树林、海草床和盐沼，是生物多样性丰富的生态系统，其蓝碳结果取决于生物群落、沉积物动态、水文连通性和景观环境。生物多样性保护和蓝碳管理通常通过单独的科学、监测和政策框架进行评估。本综述采用分阶段文献检索和主题综合来研究三种主要植被沿海湿地类型的生物多样性-蓝碳联系。它考虑了分类、遗传、功能和栖息地多样性如何影响生产力、沉积物稳定、营养交换、碳储量、碳埋藏和碳保留。它还评估了气候变化、栖息地破碎化、水文改变、污染和人为干扰如何削弱这些联系。 该综合比较了代表性的碳储量和埋藏率基线，检查了保护和恢复的协同作用和权衡，并扩大了对海草状况转变的讨论。实地调查、遥感、无人机、环境DNA和人工智能数据集成被置于分层监测框架内。该审查进一步制定了以生物多样性为中心的蓝碳管理的操作决策路径。当保护和恢复维持本地群落、水文交换、沉积物稳定性、栖息地复杂性、迁徙空间和长期管理能力时，就会产生持久的蓝碳效益。
Abstract: Vegetated coastal wetlands, especially mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marshes, are biodiversity-rich ecosystems whose blue carbon outcomes depend on living communities, sediment dynamics, hydrological connectivity, and landscape context. Biodiversity conservation and blue carbon management are often assessed through separate scientific, monitoring, and policy frameworks. This review uses a staged literature search and thematic synthesis to examine biodiversity–blue carbon linkages across the three major vegetated coastal wetland types. It considers how taxonomic, genetic, functional, and habitat diversity influence productivity, sediment stabilization, trophic exchange, carbon stocks, carbon burial, and carbon retention. It also evaluates how climate change, habitat fragmentation, hydrological alteration, pollution, and anthropogenic disturbance weaken these linkages. The synthesis compares representative carbon-stock and burial-rate baselines, examines conservation and restoration synergies and trade-offs, and expands the discussion of seagrass regime shifts. Field surveys, remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicles, environmental DNA, and AI-enabled data integration are placed within a tiered monitoring framework. The review further develops an operational decision pathway for biodiversity-centered blue carbon management. Persistent blue carbon benefits arise where conservation and restoration maintain native communities, hydrological exchange, sediment stability, habitat complexity, migration space, and long-term stewardship capacity.
