无 mechanism sketch 图。今天的意大利语卡片： No mechanism sketch figure today. Daily Italian card:
Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita, mi ritrovai per una selva oscura.
这是 Kalliope 所列《神曲》意大利语原文。现代意大利语可理解为“在人生旅程的中途，我发现自己走入一片黑暗森林”；常用来表达迷茫、转折和重新寻找方向。
This follows the Italian original listed by Kalliope. In modern terms, it means that midway through life's journey, the speaker finds himself in a dark wood, a scene of disorientation and renewed searching.
本期重点关注 BGC-Argo、海色遥感/海洋光学、海洋热浪、浮游植物垂向结构和碳泵过程。筛选逻辑不再只限于重点期刊；当高影响力期刊当天新增较少时，会额外检索重点关注团队作者的新论文，并用海洋、海色/光学和碳循环关键词过滤，再从其他相关期刊补充候选论文。
This issue focuses on BGC-Argo, ocean-colour remote sensing, ocean optics, marine heatwaves, vertical phytoplankton structure and carbon-pump processes. The selection is no longer limited to priority journals; when few high-impact papers are newly available, the workflow also checks focused-team authors and filters those papers with ocean, ocean-colour/optics, and carbon-cycle keywords before adding other relevant journals as supplements.
关键词Tags: phytoplankton phytoplankton
摘要：Crossref 未提供该 DOI 的摘要。
Abstract: Crossref did not provide an abstract for this DOI.
关键词Tags: phytoplankton; ocean colour; ocean optics; bio-optics phytoplankton; ocean colour; ocean optics; bio-optics
摘要：在藻类大量繁殖的水域中，叶绿素 a (Chl a) 的准确测定通常受到传统荧光高度算法的不稳定性的限制，这种水域的特点是浮游植物形态多样，反射峰红移。在这项研究中，我们提出标准化动态荧光高度（NDFH）作为一种新颖的高光谱算法，用于评估太阳诱导的叶绿素荧光。利用原位生物光学数据和多源卫星观测（ZY-1E上的高级高光谱成像仪（AHSI）、国际空间站上的沿海海洋高光谱成像仪（HICO）和PACE上的海洋颜色仪器（OCI）），对NDFH进行了评估，并与现有算法进行了比较，例如归一化荧光线高度、蓝藻指数（CI）和最大藻线高度（MALH）。 结果表明，NDFH 与内陆水域叶绿素 a 浓度具有稳健的指数相关性，并且可以可靠地检测水华主导环境中的荧光峰带移动。太湖案例研究证实，NDFH 在描绘水华范围和叶绿素 a 分布方面比传统方法更有效，特别是在藻类占主导地位的水域。这些发现显示了 NDFH 在不同水生环境中富营养化和有害藻类繁殖监测方面的潜力。
Abstract: The accurate determination of chlorophyll a (Chl a) is often limited by the instability of conventional fluorescence height algorithms in algal bloom waters characterized by diverse phytoplankton morphology and red-shifted reflectance peaks. In this study, we propose the Normalized Dynamic Fluorescence Height (NDFH) as a novel hyperspectral algorithm for assessing sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. Using in situ bio-optical data and multi-source satellite observations (Advanced Hyperspectral Imager (AHSI) onboard ZY-1E, Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) onboard ISS, and Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) onboard PACE), NDFH was evaluated and compared with existing algorithms, such as the normalized Fluorescence Line Height, Cyanobacterial Index (CI), and Maximum Algal Line Height (MALH). The results show that NDFH has robust exponential correlations with Chl a concentrations in inland waters and can reliably detect fluorescence peak band shifts in bloom-dominated environments. Case studies in Lake Taihu confirm that NDFH is more effective at delineating bloom extent and Chl a distributions than conventional methods, particularly in algae-dominated waters. These findings show the potential of NDFH for operational monitoring of eutrophication and harmful algal blooms across diverse aquatic environments.
关键词Tags: ocean biogeochemistry ocean biogeochemistry
摘要：沿海近地表风速（NSWS）很大程度上与海上风力发电的轮毂高度风速有关。为探讨区域性新风波与厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）、太平洋年代际涛动（PDO）、北太平洋-达尔文涛动指数（NOI）、北大西洋涛动（NAO）和西半球暖池（WHWP）等大尺度气候异常之间的一致性，我们对1960-2019年期间沿海新风浪和6个气候指数进行了各种小波分析和综合分析。结果表明，尽管2002年我国大部分地区风速出现逆转，但我国沿海地区新风速却以-0的速度下降。 0189 毫秒 -1 年。 1960 年至 2019 年期间为 -1。沿海 NSWS 和气候指数均观察到显着的年际和年代际振荡。 对于占 NSWS 总方差 44. 48% 的 NSWS PC1（第一主成分），在 1970 年代和 2010 年代观察到周期约为 2-4 年的显着年际振荡，在 2000-2019 年间观察到周期为 8-16 年的振荡。 ENSO、NOI和WHWP指数均表现出与1960年至2019年NSWS PC1相干的大约2-6年的强周期信号，而NAO在8-16年的时间尺度上表现出与NSWS PC1的同步变化，特别是在1990年之后。部分小波相干分析表明，ENSO与NOI和WHWP有很强的相关性，NOI和WHWP与NSWS PC1表现出很强的相关性，而存在弱联系NAO 与年代际时间尺度上的其他气候指数之间的关系。 ENSO 相关热异常的主导影响与 NOI 的滞后行为相结合，表明海洋变化可以驱动大气环流模式，而压力系统变化往往先于沿海新南威尔士州的变化。这与大气对海洋变化的快速响应相一致，并反映了压力梯度驱动风场的物理过程。同时，低频气候信号与 NSWS PC1 之间的强关联，尤其是在 8-20 年范围内，表明这些指数具有作为长期 NSWS 预测的可靠预测因子的潜力。
Abstract: Coastal near‐surface wind speed (NSWS) largely relates to the hub‐height wind speed for offshore wind production. To investigate the coherence between regional NSWS and large‐scale climate anomalies such as El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North Pacific‐Darwin Oscillation Index (NOI), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP), we comprehensively conducted various wavelet analyses and composite analyses to coastal NSWS and six climate indices for the period 1960–2019. The results show that, although a reversal in wind speed occurred in 2002 for most regions of China, NSWS in the coastal areas of China has declined at the rate of −0.0189 m s −1 yr. −1 during 1960–2019. Significant interannual and interdecadal oscillations are observed in both coastal NSWS and climate indices. For NSWS PC1 (the first principal component) which accounts for 44.48% of the total variance of NSWS, significant interannual oscillations with the period of approximately 2–4 years were observed during the 1970s and 2010s, and oscillations with periods 8–16 years occurred during 2000–2019. ENSO, NOI, and WHWP indices all exhibit strong periodic signals of approximately 2–6 years in coherence with NSWS PC1 from 1960 to 2019, while NAO demonstrates a synchronous variation with NSWS PC1 at an 8–16‐year timescale, particularly after 1990. Partial wavelet coherence analyses show that ENSO is strongly linked to NOI and WHWP which show strong coherence to NSWS PC1, while a weak connection exists between NAO and other climate indices at interdecadal time scales. The leading influences of ENSO‐related thermal anomalies, combined with the lagging behaviour of NOI, suggest that oceanic changes can drive atmospheric circulation patterns, while pressure system variations tend to precede changes in coastal NSWS. This aligns with the rapid atmospheric response to oceanic changes and reflects the physical process of pressure gradient driving wind fields. Meanwhile, the strong associations between low‐frequency climate signals and NSWS PC1, especially over the 8–20 years scale, suggest that these indices hold potential as reliable predictors for long‐term NSWS prediction.
关键词Tags: ocean biogeochemistry ocean biogeochemistry
摘要：Crossref 未提供该 DOI 的摘要。
Abstract: Crossref did not provide an abstract for this DOI.
关键词Tags: ocean biogeochemistry ocean biogeochemistry
摘要：目的 太平洋鲑鱼 Oncorhynchus spp.在生产孵化场饲养的鱼通常喂食高脂、高能量的饲料，以在释放前达到较大的体型和良好的身体状况。相比之下，自然环境中的幼鱼倾向于食用低脂、高蛋白饮食，并且出于研究或保护目的而饲养的鱼类有时会饲喂模仿自然饮食并促进野生表型的饮食。了解这些替代饮食如何影响鱼类的生长和身体状况之外的健康，最终有助于改善孵化场鱼类的健康状况。方法在这项工作中，我们评估了标准高脂孵化场饮食与模拟天然鱼类营养状况的低脂饮食中幼年奇努克鲑鱼 O. tshawytscha 粪便微生物组和基因表达的变化。 为了评估饮食改变粪便微生物组的时间尺度，我们收集了 12 周内的纵向样本，并在实验期间两次改变了一部分鱼的饮食。我们使用 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因扩增子测序来表征两种饮食中的鱼类以及生产孵化场中孵化场饲养的鱼类、释放到溪流中后捕获的孵化场鱼类以及年龄相似的天然来源、溪流饲养的鱼类之间的粪便微生物组差异。此外，我们对实验室饲养的鱼的头肾样本进行了 RNA 测序，以评估这一重要免疫器官中基因表达的变化。 结果我们发现，低脂饮食和孵化场饮食产生的微生物组与天然来源鱼类的微生物组不同，并且彼此之间也不同，并且饮食驱动的微生物组变化可能在 14 天内发生。低脂饮食并没有产生与天然鱼类微生物组相似的微生物组。相反，低脂饮食产生的微生物群落与孵化场饮食饲养的鱼和从野外取样的鱼的微生物群落不同。 RNA测序结果表明，两种实验饲料喂养的鱼之间与免疫、代谢和激素合成相关的途径存在差异富集。 结论 结果表明，其他环境因素对微生物组的影响比饮食配方更强烈，或者低脂饮食对微生物组的影响比天然无脊椎动物饮食的影响更小。鉴于肠道微生物群和系统免疫功能对疾病抵抗力有显着贡献，我们的研究结果强调了了解圈养鱼类的饮食如何影响鱼类健康（超越生长和身体状况指标）的重要性。
Abstract: Objective Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. reared in production hatcheries are typically fed high-lipid, energy-dense diets to achieve large size and high body condition prior to release. In contrast, juveniles in natural environments tend to consume low-lipid, high-protein diets, and fish reared for research or conservation purposes are sometimes fed diets that are formulated to mimic natural diets and promote wild-like phenotypes. Understanding how these alternative diets affect fish health beyond growth and body condition could ultimately contribute to improving hatchery fish fitness. Methods In this work, we evaluated changes in the fecal microbiome and gene expression of juvenile Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha on a standard high-lipid hatchery diet versus a low-lipid diet formulated to mimic the nutrition profile of natural-origin fish. To evaluate the time scale at which diet alters the fecal microbiome, we collected longitudinal samples over a 12-week period and switched the diets of a subset of fish twice during the experiment. We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterize fecal microbiome differences between fish on the two diets as well as hatchery-reared fish at a production hatchery, hatchery fish that had been captured after release into a stream, and natural-origin, stream-reared fish of similar ages. Additionally, we conducted RNA sequencing on head kidney samples from laboratory-reared fish to evaluate changes in gene expression in this important immune organ. Results We found that the low-lipid diet and the hatchery diet resulted in microbiomes that differed from the microbiome of natural-origin fish and from each other and that diet-driven changes to the microbiome could occur in under 14 d. The low-lipid diet did not result in a microbiome that resembled the microbiome of naturally produced fish. Instead, the low-lipid diet resulted in a microbiome community that was distinct from those of fish reared on the hatchery diet and fish sampled from the wild. The RNA sequencing results indicated differential enrichment of pathways related to immunity, metabolism, and hormone synthesis between fish that were fed the two experimental diets. Conclusions The results suggest that additional environmental factors influence the microbiome more strongly than diet formulation or that the low-lipid diet has a smaller effect on the microbiome than a natural, invertebrate-based diet. Given that the gut microbiome and systemic immune function contribute significantly to disease resistance, our findings highlight the importance of understanding how diets fed to fish in captivity may affect fish health beyond growth and body condition metrics.
关键词Tags: phytoplankton phytoplankton
摘要：Crossref 未提供该 DOI 的摘要。
Abstract: Crossref did not provide an abstract for this DOI.
关键词Tags: phytoplankton; ocean colour; bio-optics phytoplankton; ocean colour; bio-optics
摘要：卫星叶绿素-a (Chla) 产品广泛用于研究沿海生产力，但其性能在受河流影响和光学复杂的水域中往往会下降。我们使用来自 18 站（2002 年 8 月至 2011 年 9 月）的每月原位 Chla 和水文观测、每日 MODIS 产品以及基于 3 × 3 像素窗口和 1、3、5 和 7 天合成的匹配分析，评估了智利中南部沿海上升流区域（该地区受季节性河流羽流影响强烈）的 MODIS-Aqua Chla 反演。 MODIS Chla 和归一化荧光线高度 (nFLH) 再现了广泛的季节周期，在春夏季期间达到最大值，但默认的 MODIS Chla 系统地超过了原位观测值，特别是在浊度增强和受河流影响的光学复杂性期间。 在原始卫星产品中，1 天 MODIS Chla 匹配显示与原位 Chla 的一致性最强（r = 0. 77，RMSE = 8. 5 mg m−3），而 5 天复合材料将匹配可用性提高到 95%，但降低了相关性（r = 0. 46，RMSE = 10. 5 mg m−3）。相比之下，nFLH 在整个复合长度上表现出更稳定的性能，尽管它低估了高 Chla 值，因此应被解释为基于荧光的补充诊断，而不是局部验证的 Chla 检索的直接替代品。相对于可用 Station 18 匹配数据集中的默认 MODIS 产品，使用 MODIS 遥感反射率训练的梯度增强模型改善了卫星与原位 Chla 之间的对应关系。 由于该模型是使用交叉验证而不是独立的区域验证数据集进行评估的，因此机器学习结果应解释为局部概念证明，而不是完全验证的区域算法。这些结果表明，标准 MODIS 算法高估了受河流影响的上升流系统中的 Chla，并突出了局部校正方法（包括机器学习方法）对于改善沿海海洋颜色产品的价值，前提是未来的应用包括独立的空间分布验证和改进的受河流影响水域的生物光学特征。
Abstract: Satellite chlorophyll–a (Chla) products are widely used to study coastal productivity, but their performance often degrades in river-influenced and optically complex waters. We evaluated MODIS-Aqua Chla retrievals in the coastal upwelling area off central-southern Chile, a region strongly affected by seasonal river plumes, using monthly in situ Chla and hydrographic observations from Station 18 (August 2002 to September 2011), daily MODIS products, and matchup analyses based on 3 × 3 pixel windows and 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-day composites. MODIS Chla and normalized Fluorescence Line Height (nFLH) reproduced the broad seasonal cycle, with maxima during spring–summer, but default MODIS Chla systematically exceeded in situ observations, particularly during periods of enhanced turbidity and river-influenced optical complexity. Among the raw satellite products, 1-day MODIS Chla matchups showed the strongest agreement with in situ Chla (r = 0.77, RMSE = 8.5 mg m−3), whereas 5-day composites increased matchup availability to 95% but reduced the correlation (r = 0.46, RMSE = 10.5 mg m−3). In contrast, nFLH showed more stable performance across composite lengths, although it underestimated high Chla values and should therefore be interpreted as a complementary fluorescence-based diagnostic rather than as a direct substitute for locally validated Chla retrievals. A gradient boosting model trained with MODIS remote-sensing reflectances improved the correspondence between satellite and in situ Chla relative to the default MODIS product within the available Station 18 matchup dataset. Because this model was evaluated using cross-validation rather than an independent regional validation dataset, the machine-learning results should be interpreted as a local proof of concept rather than a fully validated regional algorithm. These results indicate that standard MODIS algorithms overestimate Chla in this river-influenced upwelling system and highlight the value of local correction approaches, including machine-learning methods, for improving coastal ocean color products, provided that future applications include independent spatially distributed validation and improved bio-optical characterization of river-influenced waters.
关键词Tags: carbon pump; phytoplankton; vertical structure carbon pump; phytoplankton; vertical structure
摘要：厄加勒斯洋流系统是南半球最强的西边界洋流，对调节西南印度洋的碳循环发挥着关键作用。然而，颗粒有机碳（POC）的变化及其对气候强迫的响应仍然知之甚少。利用 1998 年至 2025 年的多源卫星观测和再分析数据，我们研究了厄加勒斯洋流系统中 POC、叶绿素-a (Chl-a) 和 POC:Chl-a 的空间、季节、年际和年代际变化。我们的结果表明，厄加勒斯逆反射区域的叶绿素a和POC浓度始终高于返回电流区域，反映出中尺度活动和养分供应的增强。 从季节上看，Chl-a和POC在南方春夏季达到峰值，秋冬季下降，而POC:Chl-a则表现出相反的循环，这是由光可用性和混合层深度的变化驱动的。在年际时间尺度上，ENSO 对 POC 变异性产生显着影响。厄尔尼诺事件使 Chl-a 和 POC 分别增加最多 0. 3 mg m−3 和 30 mg m−3，同时通过增强涡流活动和改善光照条件，使 POC:Chl-a 减少最多 60 g g−1；相反的异常现象发生在拉尼娜事件期间。正南环模式 (SAM)，通过加强垂直混合和养分夹带，阶段增加了回流区域的 Chl-a 和 POC。 在数十年的时间尺度上，对比的区域趋势导致两个区域的 POC:Chl 比率持续增加，表明颗粒碳库的结构变化以及颗粒有机碳与浮游植物生物量之间日益脱钩。这些结果强调了分层、中尺度动力学和气候模式在调节区域碳循环和碳汇变化方面的综合作用。
Abstract: The Agulhas Current system, the strongest western boundary current in the Southern Hemisphere, plays a key role in regulating carbon cycling in the southwestern Indian Ocean. However, the variability of particulate organic carbon (POC) and its response to climate forcing remain poorly understood. Using multi-source satellite observations and reanalysis data from 1998–2025, we investigated the spatial, seasonal, interannual, and decadal variability of POC, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and POC:Chl-a in the Agulhas Current system. Our results show that Chl-a and POC concentrations are consistently higher in the Agulhas Retroflection than in the Return Current region, reflecting enhanced mesoscale activity and nutrient supply. Seasonally, Chl-a and POC peaked during austral spring–summer and declined during autumn–winter, whereas POC:Chl-a exhibited an opposite cycle driven by variations in light availability and mixed-layer depth. At interannual timescales, ENSO exerted a pronounced influence on POC variability. El Niño events increased Chl-a and POC by up to 0.3 mg m−3 and 30 mg m−3, respectively, while reducing POC:Chl-a by up to 60 g g−1 through enhanced eddy activity and improved light conditions; the opposing anomalies occurred during La Niña events. Positive Southern Annular Mode (SAM), phases increased Chl-a and POC in the Return Current region by strengthening vertical mixing and nutrient entrainment. On multi-decadal timescales, contrasting regional trends resulted in a persistent increase in the POC:Chl—a ratio across both regions, suggesting a structural shift in the particulate carbon pool and an increasing decoupling between particulate organic carbon and phytoplankton biomass. These results highlight the combined roles of stratification, mesoscale dynamics, and climate modes in regulating regional carbon cycling and carbon-sink variability.
关键词Tags: carbon pump; phytoplankton; microbial carbon carbon pump; phytoplankton; microbial carbon
摘要：人们越来越多地探索基于海洋的二氧化碳去除（CDR）策略，以增强海洋吸收大气二氧化碳和减缓气候变化的自然能力。在提议的方法中，海洋施肥旨在刺激浮游植物的生产力，并且在实现出口的情况下，有可能加强生物碳泵。然而，涉及直接添加养分的传统施肥技术常常面临养分快速稀释、在透光区停留时间短以及生态结果不确定的问题。重要的是，地表水中的短期生物碳吸收必须与经过验证的长期碳封存区分开来。在这项研究中，我们评估了一种可生物降解的营养输送系统——生态工程浮力薄片——旨在在地表水中释放生物可利用的微量营养素和硅酸盐。 在阿拉伯海东部进行的微观世界和中观世界实验评估了这些薄片是否可以增强营养物质的可用性并在寡营养条件下产生可检测的生物和微生物反应。添加薄片增加了硅酸盐和生物可利用铁的浓度，并与叶绿素 a、岩藻黄质、浮游植物丰度和微生物群落组成的适度变化相关。这些生物反应与 pH 值升高、pCO2 降低和总有机碳适度增加同时发生，表明短期地表水碳吸收，而不是经过验证的碳封存。氮限制、放牧压力、湍流和实验持续时间短限制了水华的大小。 因此，这项概念验证研究证明了营养物释放潜力和可检测的生态系统响应，同时需要进行长期的重复研究来量化碳输出效率、生态影响以及所提出的 CDR 方法的真正相关性。
Abstract: Ocean-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies are increasingly explored to enhance the ocean’s natural capacity to absorb atmospheric CO₂ and mitigate climate change. Among the proposed approaches, ocean fertilization aims to stimulate phytoplankton productivity and, where export is achieved, potentially strengthen the biological carbon pump. However, conventional fertilization techniques involving direct nutrient addition often suffer from rapid nutrient dilution, short residence times in the euphotic zone, and uncertain ecological outcomes. Importantly, short-term biological carbon uptake in surface waters must be distinguished from verified long-term carbon sequestration. In this study, we evaluate a biodegradable nutrient-delivery system—eco-engineered buoyant flakes—designed to release bioavailable micronutrients and silicate within surface waters. Microcosm and mesocosm experiments conducted in the eastern Arabian Sea assessed whether these flakes enhance nutrient availability and produce detectable biological and microbial responses under oligotrophic conditions. Flake additions increased silicate and bioavailable iron concentrations and were associated with modest changes in chlorophyll a , fucoxanthin, phytoplankton abundance, and microbial community composition. These biological responses coincided with increases in pH, reductions in pCO₂, and modest increases in total organic carbon, indicating short-term surface-water carbon uptake rather than verified carbon sequestration. Nitrogen limitation, grazing pressure, turbulence, and the short experimental duration constrained bloom magnitude. This proof-of-concept study therefore demonstrates nutrient-release potential and detectable ecosystem responses, while longer-term, replicated studies are required to quantify carbon export efficiency, ecological impacts, and the true relevance of the proposed CDR method.
关键词Tags: phytoplankton; ocean colour; ocean optics phytoplankton; ocean colour; ocean optics
摘要：总悬浮沉积物 (TSS) 和叶绿素 a (Chl-a) 是全球公认的定期海水监测的关键参数。考虑到水体成分的时空变化较大，遥感技术是提取水体物理参数的一种高效、准确的方法。高精度的遥感估算数据依赖于精确的大气校正算法和物理参数反演算法。在这项研究中，我们评估了 NASA 大气校正产品的准确性，并开发了使用 Landsat-8 OLI 数据估算 Poteran 和 Gili Iyang 岛水域 TSS 和 Chl-a 浓度的算法。本研究使用的数据是2015年4月22日从Poteran水域（9个站）和2015年10月15日从Gili Iyang水域（6个站）收集的。 原位和 Landsat Rrs(lambda) 之间的相关性较低（R^2 = 0。 106）表明 NASA 执行的大气校正算法存在局限性。 TSS 浓度反演算法在 Poteran 水域上产生了可接受的精度（RE 为 4. 60%，R^2 为 0。 628）和吉利依阳水域（RE of 14. 82%，R^2 为 0。 345）。 虽然R^2低于0。 5、相对误差比最低要求30%更准确。 同时，Chl-a 浓度反演算法比 Poteran 产生了可接受的结果（RE 为 13. 87%，R^2 为 0。 416）并未能成功越过吉利依阳水域（RE of 99. 14%，R^2 为 0。 090）。 TSS 或 Chl-a 测量浓度与估算浓度之间的低相关性不仅是由于所开发的 TSS 和 Chl-a 估算反演算法的性能造成的，而且还与 Landsat 产品的大气校正反射率的效果和准确性有关。
Abstract: Total Suspended Sediment (TSS) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) are globally known as key parameters for regular seawater monitoring. Considering the high temporal and spatial variation of water constituents, remote sensing technique is an efficient and accurate method for extracting water physical parameters. Highly accurate estimated data derived from remote sensing depends on an accurate atmospheric correction algorithm and physical parameter retrieval algorithms. In this research, we evaluated the accuracy of atmospheric corrected product of NASA as well as developed algorithms for estimating TSS and Chl-a concentration over Poteran and Gili Iyang island water using Landsat-8 OLI data. The data used in this study was collected from Poteran’s waters (9 stations) on April 22, 2015 and Gili Iyang’s waters (six stations) on October 15, 2015. Low correlation between in situ and Landsat Rrs(lambda) (R^2 = 0.106) indicated that atmospheric correction algorithm performed by NASA has limitations. The TSS concentration retrieval algorithm produced acceptable accuracy both over Poteran’s waters (RE of 4.60% and R^2 of 0.628) and over Gili Iyang’s waters (RE of 14.82% and R^2 of 0.345). Although the R^2 was lower than 0.5, the relative error was more accurate than the minimum requirement of 30%. Meanwhile, the Chl-a concentration retrieval algorithm produced acceptable results over Poteran (RE of 13.87% and R^2 of 0.416) and failed over Gili Iyang’s waters (RE of 99.14% and R^2 of 0.090). The low correlation between TSS or Chl-a measured and estimated concentrations was caused not only by the performance of the developed TSS and Chl-a estimation retrieval algorithm but also by the effect and accuracy of atmospheric corrected reflectance of the Landsat product.
关键词Tags: phytoplankton; marine heatwaves phytoplankton; marine heatwaves
摘要：Crossref 未提供该 DOI 的摘要。
Abstract: Crossref did not provide an abstract for this DOI.
关键词Tags: ocean colour ocean colour
摘要：海面温度（SST）是沿海和海洋水质状况的测量参数，其中SST的值是对涉及动植物群生活的水域生态系统的肥力的衡量。测量海表温度可以通过多种方法来完成，简单的方法是使用酒精温度计浸入海水和水体中以获得现有的声压级值。要测量更广阔的区域以获得全球概况，当然原位测量是不够有效的，我们需要一种可以替代全球海表温度监测的技术和方法，以达到利用遥感技术和已经广泛使用的算法的目的。 由于本研究的材料使用了 2011 年至 2016 年 1 月期间的 Aqua Modis 250 米卫星图像，可以立即检测到某些预定坐标处的海温值，并且作为案例研究区域是马都拉岛北部的 Gresik 海岸。本研究得到的结果是海表温度每年的标准差和平均值的变化范围，其中海表温度在27℃至32℃范围内，并通过线性回归得到6年期间卫星图像采集过程的R平方平均值为0. 748。 Pangkah Gresik 北部沿海地区的最高气温为 31 摄氏度，而马都拉以北海域的平均气温为 28 摄氏度。
Abstract: Sea surface temperature (SST) is a measurement parameter for the condition of coastal and marine water quality, where the value of SST is a measure of fertility of ecosystems in the waters concerning the lives of flora and fauna. To measure the SST can be done by several methods, simple by using a alcohol thermometer dipped into the sea and water bodies to obtain the existing value of the SPL. To measure a wider area in order to obtain a global picture of course is not effective to measure in situ, we need a technology and methods that can replace the monitoring of the global SST, for the purposes of the use of remote sensing technologies by using algorithms that have been widely used. As the material in this study used satellite imagery Aqua Modis 250 meters during January from 2011 to 2016 that can instantly detect the SST value at some predetermined coordinates and as a case study area have Gresik coast towards the northern part of the island of Madura. The results obtained from this study is that the range value of standard deviation and variation of the average value of SST per year, which the SST is in the range of 27oC to 32oC, and from linear regression obtained an average value of R squared of 0.748 for a period of 6 years the process of aquisition of satellite imagery. The coastal area around the north Pangkah Gresik has the highest temperature is 31oC while the waters to the north of Madura has an average temperature of 28oC.
关键词Tags: phytoplankton phytoplankton
摘要：本研究的目的是根据卫星图像以及季风和 ENSO 对南加里曼丹海岸的影响来确定南加里曼丹海岸的初级生产力水平。使用经验正交函数（EOF）分析空间结构和时间变化来描述一般情况。通过连续小波变换分析进行总体时间审查，以描述季风和 ENSO 活动的影响。结果发现，南加里曼丹沿海地区的最大初级生产力潜力高达1800 – 2000毫克/平方米/天，在沿海水域分布较高，而在远离海滩的地区则下降至400 – 800毫克/平方米/天。 从时间上看，初级生产力最高出现在西北季风期（12月—2月），最低值出现在东南季风期（6月—8月）。关于年际变化，众所周知，与厄尔尼诺事件相比，拉尼娜事件会引发更高的初级生产力。
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of primary productivity on the coast of South Kalimantan based on satellite imagery and the influence of monsoon and ENSO on the coast of South Kalimantan. Spatial structure and temporal variation were analyzed to describe the general condition using the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). An overall temporal review to describe the influence of Monsoon and ENSO activities is carried out by a Continuous Wavelet Transform analysis. The results found that the coastal area of South Kalimantan has a maximum primary productivity potential of up to 1800 – 2000 mg/m2/day with a high distribution in coastal waters and decreases to a range of 400 – 800 mg/m2/day in areas that are far from the beach. Temporally, it was found that the maximum primary productivity occurs in the northwestern monsoon period (December – February), in contrast the minimum was in the southeast monsoon period (June – August). Regarding interannual variability, it is known that La Nina events trigger higher primary productivity compared to El Nino events.
关键词Tags: ocean colour ocean colour
摘要：水是对生物和环境至关重要的自然资源。随着人口的增加，对水的需求量将增加，并减少自由土地/开放绿地面积形成的地下水。考虑到土壤水分保持方面的因素，有必要对巴苏鲁安水流域土壤的补给区进行研究。本研究旨在确定2003年和2014年巴苏鲁安盆地地下水补给区的状况。因此，[1]了解补给区植被密度和土地覆盖的变化会影响渗透过程，以保护CAT巴苏鲁安的水资源。根据这些变化，它将能够预测 CAT Pasuruan 补给区的未来状况。 本研究使用卫星图像陆地卫星和地理信息系统 (GIS) 进行遥感。确定补给区的研究受到几个参数的影响，即土地坡度、岩性和降雨量。处理结果得到2003-2014年补给区植被密度变化，高植被密度减少了4330,89 Ha，因此预计2025年高植被密度变化为52305,39 Ha，2030年变为52176,78 Ha。而土地覆盖变化产生的森林土地覆盖变化增加了569,88 Ha，因此预计2025年高植被密度变化为52176,78 Ha。预计 2025 年为 37563,88 公顷，2030 年为 38720,494 公顷。 2003-2014年补给区植被密度与土地覆盖之间的关系显示，植被密度较高，面积有所增加，其中花园土地覆盖面积达1144,80 Ha，森林面积达943,02 Ha，居民点土地覆盖面积达947,79 Ha，闲置土地面积达262,53 Ha。植被密度低的土地面积增加了 943.02 公顷，闲置土地面积增加了 277.47 公顷。整个补给区的土地覆盖植被主要是桃花心木树植被和sengon。
Abstract: Water is natural resources that is very essential for living creatures and the environment. Along with the increase of population , will increase the water demand and reduce the area of free land / open green space for the formation of ground water. By considering soil water conservation aspects, it is necessary to conduct a study of the recharge area on water basin soil in Pasuruan. This study was to determine the condition of the recharge area in the Basin Groundwater Pasuruan in 2003 and 2014. So it will be k[1]nown the changes of the vegetations density and land cover in the recharge area that can affect infiltration process in order to conserve water resources in CAT Pasuruan. From these changes it would be able to make the prediction of future conditions in the recharge area in CAT Pasuruan. This study uses Remote Sensing using Satellite imagery Landsat and Geographic Information System (GIS). Studies to determine the recharge area is influenced by several parameters, that is slope of land, lithology and Rainfall. Processing results obtained vegetation density changes of the recharge area in 2003-2014, high vegetation density decreased by 4330,89 Ha, so that changes in the high vegetation density in 2025 is predicted to be 52305,39 Ha and become 52176,78 Ha in 2030. While land cover changes produce changes in forest land cover increased by 569,88 Ha , so that changes in forest land cover in 2025 is predicted to be 37563,88 Ha and became 38720,494 Ha in 2030. The relationship between vegetation density and land cover of the recharge area in 2003 - 2014 obtained high vegetation density that experienced an increase area, which is on garden land cover amounting to 1144,80 Ha, 943,02 Ha of forest, 947,79 Ha of settlements land cover and 262,53 Ha of vacant land. And that experienced an increase with low vegetation density are the fields amounting to 943,02 Ha and 277,47 Ha of vacant land. Land cover vegetations that dominates throughout the recharge area is a mahogany tree vegetation, and sengon.