Paper Push: 2026-06-11
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每日论文推送：BGC-Argo、海色/海洋光学、海洋热浪与碳泵Daily Paper Push: BGC-Argo, ocean colour/ocean optics, marine heatwaves and carbon pump
本期由 GitHub Actions 自动检索生成：Nature/Science 系列优先，其次是用户指定重点期刊，再补充重点关注团队的新论文，最后纳入其他相关期刊；历史去重后保留 11 篇，不超过每日 50 篇上限。 This issue was generated automatically by GitHub Actions: Nature and Science series first, then the user-defined priority journals, then new papers from the focused team, followed by other relevant journals as topical supplements. After deduplication, 11 papers remain, below the daily limit of 50.
Download Word summary
无 mechanism sketch 图。今天的意大利语卡片： No mechanism sketch figure today. Daily Italian card:
每日一句意大利语Daily Italian
O luce etterna che sola in te sidi.
Dante, Commedia, Paradiso XXXIII, 124; Italian original from Kalliope
终章中但丁呼唤“永恒之光”。它把《天堂篇》的视觉和神学主题推到顶点。
Near the end, Dante addresses the eternal light. It brings Paradiso's visual and theological language to its height.
趋势总结Trend Summary
本期重点关注 BGC-Argo、海色遥感/海洋光学、海洋热浪、浮游植物垂向结构和碳泵过程。筛选逻辑不再只限于重点期刊；当高影响力期刊当天新增较少时，会额外检索重点关注团队作者的新论文，并用海洋、海色/光学和碳循环关键词过滤，再从其他相关期刊补充候选论文。
This issue focuses on BGC-Argo, ocean-colour remote sensing, ocean optics, marine heatwaves, vertical phytoplankton structure and carbon-pump processes. The selection is no longer limited to priority journals; when few high-impact papers are newly available, the workflow also checks focused-team authors and filters those papers with ocean, ocean-colour/optics, and carbon-cycle keywords before adding other relevant journals as supplements.
重点期刊：按影响力和相关性排序Key journals: ordered by impact and relevance
1. Exploring Global Patterns of Trace Metal Limitation as a Regulator of the Distribution of Dominant Marine Phytoplankton Groups
作者Authors: Qiong Zhang; Yu Zhou; Jiayou Ge; Samuel Barton; Fengjie Liu; Roxana Shafiee; Kedong Yin; Heather A. Bouman; et al.
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Global Change Biology · DOI: 10.1002/gcb4.70029
关键词Tags: carbon pump; phytoplankton carbon pump; phytoplankton
摘要：必需元素的可用性决定了浮游植物的生产力并调节海洋碳固存。多种微量金属对于驱动作为碳泵主要组成部分的关键浮游植物群的生物地理学的作用尚不清楚。我们通过诊断模型，将数十年实验室培养实验的汇编与新兴的海洋微量金属含量和基因组学数据集结合起来，探索跨不同功能群的浮游植物生长的微量金属限制模式。我们的分析强调了铁的重要性，表明硅藻和微微蓝细菌的代表性物种可能在全球海洋的约 60% 和 38% 中铁含量有限。硅藻的锰含量也限制在约 20% 的海洋中。自养甲藻在超过 60% 的海洋中可能受到锌的限制。限制水平很大程度上受痕量金属的生物利用度控制。我们的分析还强调，微量金属供应对硅藻分布的影响可能比对颗石藻的影响更大。不同浮游植物的痕量金属限制的推断模式得到了来自表层海洋的转录组数据的广泛支持。通过对痕量金属浓度如何随气候变化而变化的预测，我们表明未来的海洋可能会促进广泛的锌限制，将浮游植物群落转变为驱动较弱生物泵的群体。
Abstract: The availability of essential elements determines the productivity of phytoplankton and regulates ocean carbon sequestration. The role of multiple trace metals for driving the biogeography of key phytoplankton groups that are major components of the carbon pump is not well understood. We explore the patterns of trace metal limitation on phytoplankton growth, spanning across different functional groups by uniting a compilation of decades of laboratory culture experiments, via diagnostic modelling, with emerging global‐scale datasets of ocean trace metal content and genomics. Our analysis reinforces the importance of Fe, showing that representative species of diatoms and picocyanobacteria may be Fe limited in about 60% and 38% of the global ocean. Diatoms are also Mn limited in ~20% of the ocean. An autotrophic dinoflagellate may be Zn limited in over 60% of the ocean. The levels of limitation are highly controlled by the bioavailability of trace metals. Our analyses additionally highlight that trace metal supply may have a greater impact on the distribution of diatoms than on coccolithophores. The inferred patterns of trace metal limitation for different phytoplankton are broadly supported by transcriptomic data from the surface ocean. Using projections of how trace metal concentrations may evolve with climate change, we show that future oceans may promote widespread Zn limitation, shifting phytoplankton communities to groups that drive a weaker biological pump.
2. Erosional and Hydrological Controls on the Age and Thermochemical Stability of Particulate Organic Carbon in an Arctic River
作者Authors: Marisa Repasch; Suzanne P. Anderson; Robert S. Anderson; Josie Arcuri; Valier Galy; Joshua C. Koch; Irina Overeem
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Global Biogeochemical Cycles · DOI: 10.1029/2026gb009202
关键词Tags: carbon pump; microbial carbon carbon pump; microbial carbon
摘要：了解驱动北极景观中有机碳（OC）的动员和归宿的机制对于模拟永久冻土融化、碳循环和气候变化之间的反馈非常重要。虽然在测量永久冻土中原位 OC 分解和北极河流输出的散装颗粒有机碳 (POC) 方面取得了重大进展，但很少有研究区分整个北极景观中 POC 的来源和稳定性，这限制了我们预测移动的 POC 是否会被氧化为 CO 2 和 CH 4 或埋藏在下游沉积环境中的能力。本研究使用梯度热解/氧化放射性碳 (RPO-14 C) 分析来研究坎宁河（阿拉斯加北坡）从山区到海岸的下游运输过程中河流 POC 的热化学稳定性和放射性碳含量的时空变化。源头中的河流 POC 主要由源自页岩基岩的高活化能、热难成岩 OC (OC petro ) 组成。进入山麓和低地势的沿海平原，河岸侵蚀主要驱动不稳定、低活化能、土壤来源的 OC（OC 土壤）的动员。上游山区的河流POC由~70% OC石油和~30% OC土壤组成，而下游沿海平原河段的POC由~85% OC土壤和~15% OC石油组成。输出到海岸的 POC 的相对稳定性较高，表明其对氧化和微生物分解的敏感性较高，随着北极水文循环的加剧，这可能会增加 CO 2 的释放。然而，难熔OC石油石在悬浮物中的持久存在表明海洋沉积物中岩石有机碳长期埋藏的潜力。
Abstract: Understanding the mechanisms that drive the mobilization and fate of organic carbon (OC) in Arctic landscapes is important for modeling the feedbacks among permafrost thaw, carbon cycling, and climate change. While significant progress has been made toward measuring in situ OC decomposition in permafrost soils and bulk particulate organic carbon (POC) export from Arctic rivers, few studies have distinguished the source and lability of POC across Arctic landscapes, limiting our ability to predict whether mobilized POC will be oxidized to CO 2 and CH 4 or buried in downstream depositional environments. This study uses ramped pyrolysis/oxidation radiocarbon (RPO‐ 14 C) analyses to investigate spatial and temporal variations in the thermochemical stability and radiocarbon content of fluvial POC during downstream transport from mountains to the coast in the Canning River (North Slope, Alaska). Fluvial POC in the headwaters is predominantly comprised of high activation energy, thermally recalcitrant petrogenic OC (OC petro ) derived from shale bedrock. Moving into the foothills and low‐relief coastal plains, river bank erosion primarily drives mobilization of labile, low activation energy, soil‐derived OC (OC soil ). Fluvial POC in mountainous upstream reaches consisted of ∼70% OC petro and just ∼30% OC soil , while POC in the downstream coastal plain reaches comprised ∼85% OC soil and ∼15% OC petro . The high relative lability of POC exported to the coast indicates high susceptibility to oxidation and microbial decomposition, which could enhance CO 2 release as the Arctic hydrologic cycle intensifies. However, the persistence of refractory OC petro in the suspended load indicates the potential for long‐term burial of rock organic carbon in marine sediments.
3. In-Situ Oceanographic Observations of Tropical Cyclones from Instrumented Sea Turtles
作者Authors: Christopher Charles Chapman; Ian Jonsen; Clive R Mcmahon; Robert Geoffrey Harcourt; Michele Thums; Marji Puotinen; Hamish Ramsay; Jason Rossendell; et al.
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Environmental Research Letters · DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ae7b61
关键词Tags: BGC-Argo BGC-Argo
摘要：热带气旋从温暖的海洋中汲取能量，在其他条件相同的情况下，海洋表面越温暖，风暴就越猛烈。然而，热带气旋也主要通过与更深、更冷的海水混合来冷却表层海洋。 “冷尾流”起到了负面反馈的作用——降低了风暴的强度。由于缺乏热带气旋内的海洋观测，特别是在 Argo 自主浮标无法到达的浅海，我们将这些信息纳入预报的能力受到限制。在这里，我们展示了从装有海洋传感器的海龟那里获得的上层海洋对五次热带风暴的响应的观察结果。海龟观测捕捉到了关键的海洋过程，例如混合引起的海洋冷却，这对预测很重要。相比之下，将现有海洋观测（尤其是海龟观测）与数值海洋模型相结合的海洋再分析系统无法捕获导致海洋表面冷却的许多过程。在展示了观测对于海洋-热带气旋相互作用研究的实用性之后，我们讨论了基于海龟的观测系统在监测和预报全球热带气旋方面可以发挥的作用。
Abstract: Tropical cyclones draw their energy from warm seas and, all other things being equal, the warmer the ocean surface, the more intense the storm. However, tropical cyclones also cool the surface ocean primarily by mixing it with deeper, cooler waters. The `cold wake' acts as a negative feedback--reducing the storm's intensity. Our ability to incorporate this information in forecasts is limited by a lack of ocean observations within tropical cyclones, particularly in shallow seas inaccessible to autonomous Argo floats. Here, we show observations of the response of the upper ocean to five tropical storms obtained from sea turtles instrumented with oceanographic sensors. The turtle observations captured key ocean processes, such as mixing induced ocean cooling, that are important for forecasting. In comparison, an ocean reanalysis system that blends existing ocean observations but notably, not the turtle observations, with an numerical ocean model, fails to capture many of the processes responsible for the surface ocean cooling. Having shown the utility of the observations for ocean-tropical cyclone interaction studies, we discuss the role that a turtle based observing system could play in monitoring and forecasting tropical cyclones worldwide.
4. SIG-Net: A Spectral-Index-Guided Network for Red Tide Extraction from Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imagery
作者Authors: Lei Zhou; Hongping Li; Xiaojun Chen; Zhanqiang Li
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Remote Sensing · DOI: 10.3390/rs18121928
关键词Tags: ocean colour ocean colour
摘要：赤潮事件对海洋生态系统、水产养殖和沿海公共卫生构成重大威胁。因此，根据卫星图像及时准确地描绘赤潮范围对于业务监测和预警至关重要。然而，现有的基于深度学习的语义分割方法通常将多光谱波段视为同质输入，并且没有充分利用传统遥感分析中常用的光谱指数所体现的领域知识。为了解决这一限制，本研究提出了一种光谱索引引导网络（SIG-Net），它通过双分支架构将光谱索引先验明确地纳入深度特征提取中。 SIG-Net 包含三个组件：基于混合视觉变换器 (MiT-B2) 的光谱编码器，可从原始 Sentinel-2 频段学习空间光谱表示；一种基于CNN的轻量级索引编码器，从四个光谱索引中提取判别特征，即本研究中提出的红绿指数（RGI）、蓝绿指数（BGI）、归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）和归一化差异夜光指数（NDNI）；光谱索引引导融合（SIGF）模块，使用空间缩减交叉注意力和门控融合机制自适应地集成来自两个分支的多尺度特征。在 Sentinel-2 赤潮数据集上进行的实验表明，SIG-Net 的性能优于单分支基线（包括 U-Net、DeepLabV3+ 和 SegFormer）以及朴素的多源融合策略。消融研究进一步证实了 SIGF 模块、门控机制和拟议的 NDNI 对性能改进的贡献。 该方法为将领域知识与深度学习相结合进行赤潮遥感监测提供了有效的框架。
Abstract: Red tide events pose substantial threats to marine ecosystems, aquaculture, and coastal public health. Timely and accurate delineation of red tide extent from satellite imagery is therefore essential for operational monitoring and early warning. However, existing deep learning-based semantic segmentation methods generally treat multispectral bands as homogeneous inputs and do not fully exploit the domain knowledge embodied in spectral indices commonly used in traditional remote sensing analysis. To address this limitation, this study proposes a spectral-index-guided network (SIG-Net) that explicitly incorporates spectral-index priors into deep feature extraction through a dual-branch architecture. SIG-Net comprises three components: a spectral encoder based on a Mix Vision Transformer (MiT-B2) that learns spatial-spectral representations from the original Sentinel-2 bands; a lightweight CNN-based index encoder that extracts discriminative features from four spectral indices, namely the red-green index (RGI), blue-green index (BGI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the normalized difference Noctiluca index (NDNI) proposed in this study; and a spectral-index-guided fusion (SIGF) module that adaptively integrates multi-scale features from the two branches using spatial-reduction cross-attention and a gated fusion mechanism. Experiments on a Sentinel-2 red tide dataset show that SIG-Net outperforms single-branch baselines, including U-Net, DeepLabV3+, and SegFormer, as well as naive multi-source fusion strategies. Ablation studies further confirm the contributions of the SIGF module, the gating mechanism, and the proposed NDNI to performance improvements. The proposed method provides an effective framework for integrating domain knowledge with deep learning for red tide remote sensing monitoring.
5. A Decade of Optical Remote Sensing Applications in Marine Biodiversity and Benthic Habitat Monitoring: A Systematic Review
作者Authors: Laura Martín-García; Enrique Casas; Pedro A. Hernández-Leal; Andrea Z. Botelho; Manuel Arbelo
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Remote Sensing · DOI: 10.3390/rs18121917
关键词Tags: ocean colour; bio-optics ocean colour; bio-optics
摘要：监测沿海和海洋生态系统的生物多样性对于支持保护战略、维持生态系统服务和履行多个层面的政策承诺至关重要，包括欧盟的《栖息地指令》、可持续发展目标 14（SDG 14，水下生物）和昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架 (GBF)。然而，由于传统实地方法的空间、时间和后勤限制，许多底栖栖息地的绘图或监测仍然不充分。光学遥感（ORS）基于使用光学传感器从浅水环境中检索光谱信息，已成为绘制和监测这些生态系统的强大工具。本研究进行了系统综述，旨在全面综合 2014-2023 年期间水面 ORS 在海底生物多样性和栖息地监测方面的应用。总共分析了 179 项同行评审的研究，以确定时间趋势、地理模式、目标生态系统和方法工作流程。该审查考虑了包括卫星、机载、无人机（UAV）和现场光谱测量系统在内的观测平台，以及可靠的海底探测所需的关键预处理程序，例如大气校正、水柱校正和阳光去除，以及使用独立测量的验证。分析表明 ORS 应用迅速扩展，在地理上主要集中在热带和亚热带地区。 关注特定底栖群体的研究主要针对珊瑚礁和海草生态系统，尽管许多研究采用综合底栖栖息地分类，在栖息地层面纳入多个底栖组成部分。然而，仍然存在重大限制，包括不一致的预处理工作流程、有限的报告透明度以及几个生态重要类群（例如环节动物、软体动物、棘皮动物）的代表性不足。尽管存在这些挑战，ORS 已成为大规模、可重复的沿海监测的基石。通过分析方法实践、生态目标和地理偏差，本综述为提高 ORS 在底栖栖息地测绘、生物多样性监测和基于生态系统的管理中的稳健性、可扩展性和全球适用性提供了关键基础。
Abstract: Monitoring biodiversity in coastal and marine ecosystems is essential for supporting conservation strategies, sustaining ecosystem services, and meeting policy commitments at multiple scales, including the European Union’s Habitats Directive, Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG 14, Life Below Water), and the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). However, many benthic habitats remain insufficiently mapped or monitored due to the spatial, temporal, and logistical limitations of traditional field-based approaches. Optical Remote Sensing (ORS), based on the use of optical sensors to retrieve spectral information from shallow-water environments, has emerged as a powerful tool for mapping and monitoring these ecosystems. This study presents a systematic review aimed at providing a comprehensive synthesis of above-water ORS applications for benthic biodiversity and habitat monitoring over the period 2014–2023. A total of 179 peer-reviewed studies were analyzed to identify temporal trends, geographic patterns, target ecosystems, and methodological workflows. The review considered observation platforms including satellite, airborne, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and field spectrometry systems, together with key preprocessing procedures required for reliable benthic detection, such as atmospheric correction, water column correction, and sunglint removal, alongside validation using independent measurements. The analysis reveals a rapid expansion of ORS applications, with a strong geographic concentration in tropical and subtropical regions. Studies focusing on specific benthic groups predominantly target coral reefs and seagrass ecosystems, although many adopt integrative benthic habitat classifications that incorporate multiple benthic components at the habitat level. However, significant limitations persist, including inconsistent preprocessing workflows, limited reporting transparency, and the underrepresentation of several ecologically important taxa (e.g., annelids, mollusks, echinoderms). Despite these challenges, ORS has become a cornerstone of large-scale and repeatable coastal monitoring. By analyzing methodological practices, ecological targets, and geographic biases, this review provides a critical foundation for improving the robustness, scalability, and global applicability of ORS in benthic habitat mapping, biodiversity monitoring, and ecosystem-based management.
重点关注团队Focused team
6. Size-Fractionated Net Primary Production Distribution and Its Environmental Control in the East China Sea During Winter
作者Authors: Jiahong Cheng; Chenggang Liu; Yuming Cai; Hongchang Zhai; Wei Zhang; Minhui Su; Qiang Hao
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Biology · DOI: 10.3390/biology15120905
关键词Tags: phytoplankton; vertical structure phytoplankton; vertical structure
摘要：浮游植物初级生产（PP）是海洋生态系统的基础。在冬季边缘海，PP的大小和大小结构不仅维持越冬浮游动物，而且决定次年幼鱼的生存和渔业资源。我们在东海陆架鱼类越冬场进行了两次巡航，调查了净初级生产力（NPP）的空间分布、规模结构和环境控制。冬季 NPP 相对于全年范围普遍偏低。大多数站点的养分浓度超过了潜在的限制阈值，而大多数站点的混合层平均光照（LE）低于光饱和阈值，表明光照不足主要与冬季生产力低下的亚饱和光照条件有关。在尺寸类别中，纳米尺寸部分占主导地位，其次是皮尺寸部分，而微米尺寸部分贡献最小；然而，二月份微型部分的相对贡献有所增加。星基NPP模型中广泛使用的两个关键参数PBopt（最佳叶绿素固碳率）和F（初级生产力垂直分布的无量纲光相关因子）的实测值均低于模型预测，且偏差幅度随水深和混合条件的不同而变化。这些发现完善了我们对冬季边缘海越冬地生物地球化学过程的理解。
Abstract: Phytoplankton primary production (PP) underpins marine ecosystems. In winter marginal seas, the magnitude and size structure of PP not only sustain overwintering zooplankton but also shape larval fish survival and fishery resources in the following year. We conducted two cruises in the fish overwintering grounds of the East China Sea shelf to investigate the spatial distribution, size structure, and environmental controls of net primary production (NPP). Winter NPP was generally low relative to the annual range. Nutrient concentrations at most stations exceeded potential limitation thresholds, whereas the mixed-layer mean light exposure (LE) fell below the light-saturation threshold at most stations, indicating that insufficient light availability was primarily associated with sub-saturating light conditions of low winter productivity. Among size classes, the nano-sized fraction dominated NPP, followed by the pico-sized fraction, while the micro-sized fraction contributed least; however, the relative contribution of the micro-sized fraction increased in February. Measured values of two key parameters widely used in satellite-based NPP models—PBopt (optimal chlorophyll-specific carbon fixation rate) and F (a dimensionless light-related factor for the vertical distribution of primary production)—were both lower than model predictions, and the magnitude of deviation varied with water depth and mixing conditions. These findings refine our understanding of biogeochemical processes in overwintering grounds of winter marginal seas.
7. Variations in the latitudinal diversity gradients of the ocean microbiome
作者Authors: Dominic Eriksson; Jonas Schiller; Alexandre Schickele; Taylor Priest; Anna Mankowski; Enzo Faucher; Lucas J. Ustick; Michael Kuhn; et al.
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Cell Host & Microbe · DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2026.05.016
关键词Tags: ocean biogeochemistry ocean biogeochemistry
摘要：Crossref 未提供该 DOI 的摘要。
Abstract: Crossref did not provide an abstract for this DOI.
其他相关期刊：按主题相关性补充Other relevant journals: topical supplements
8. Gliding through marine heatwaves: subsurface biogeochemical characteristics on the Australian continental shelf
作者Authors: Daneeja Mawren; Julia Araujo; Romain Le Gendre; Jessica A. Benthuysen; Franck Eitel Kemgang Ghomsi; Jayanthi S. Saranya; Amandine Schaeffer
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Ocean Science · DOI: 10.5194/os-22-1793-2026
关键词Tags: phytoplankton; marine heatwaves; vertical structure phytoplankton; marine heatwaves; vertical structure
摘要：海洋热浪 (MHW) 通过改变水体中的氧气和生物生产力，破坏多个营养级的生态系统，但大多数研究都集中在地表，忽视了影响生态系统响应的地下过程。为了解决这一差距，我们分析了 16 年在澳大利亚周围大陆架上进行的常规和基于事件的滑翔机观测，首次对四个对比沿海地区的地表 MHW 期间的地下生物地球化学响应进行了全面评估。在所有地区和季节中，叶绿素浓度的分布在 MHW 期间向混合层中下降和混合层以下增加的方向转变，受事件类别的调节。溶解氧显示出更复杂的分布，在中等和强的 MHW 事件期间也会发生变化，可以说混合层中的变化比下面更大。当考虑到区域和季节的特殊性时，MHW的地下特征会根据环境背景而变化，包括大陆架结构、热带或亚热带状况以及边界流的影响，特别是通过层结的变化。夏季表面高温水的特点是混合层深度比正常条件更浅，并且层化增强，将变暖限制在海洋上层，而其他季节则在弱层化条件下允许更深的渗透。因此，最大分层深度成为 MHW 垂直范围的有用代表。 物理过程（例如季节性循环和分层）与生物反馈（包括深层叶绿素最大值和潜在氧气产生的存在）之间的相互作用，突出了对 MHW 的复杂生物地球化学反应，并强调了区域特定动态的重要性以及更一致的观测策略（包括生物地球化学过程）的需要。
Abstract: Marine heatwaves (MHWs) disrupt ecosystems across multiple trophic levels by altering oxygen and biological productivity through the water column and yet, most studies focus on the surface, overlooking subsurface processes that shape ecosystem responses. To address this gap, we analysed 16 years of routine and event-based glider observations on the continental shelf around Australia to present the first comprehensive assessment of the subsurface biogeochemical response during surface MHWs across four contrasting coastal regions. Across all regions and seasons, the distribution of chlorophyll concentrations shifted towards a decline in the mixed layer and an increase below the mixed layer during MHWs, modulated by the event categories. Dissolved oxygen shows a more complex distribution, which also varies during moderate and strong MHW events, arguably with more variation in the mixed layer than below. When regional and seasonal specificities are taken into account, the subsurface characteristics of MHWs vary in accordance with the environmental setting, including the continental shelf structure, tropical or sub-tropical regime, and boundary current influence, especially through the changes in stratification. Summer surface MHWs were characterised by a shallower mixed layer depth than normal conditions and enhanced stratification, confining warming to the upper ocean, while other seasons allow deeper penetration under weakly stratified conditions. The depth of maximum stratification therefore emerged as a useful proxy for the vertical extent of MHWs. The interaction between physical processes, such as seasonal circulation and stratification, and biological feedback, including the presence of deep chlorophyll maxima and potential oxygen production, highlights the complex biogeochemical responses to MHWs, and underscores the importance of region-specific dynamics and the need for more consistent observation strategy, including biogeochemical processes.
9. Climate intervention through stratospheric aerosol injection may partially mitigate marine heatwaves
作者Authors: Lala Kounta; Lifeng Luo; Gouri Anil; Daniel M Hueholt; Cheryl S Harrison; Daniele Visioni; Mari Rachel Tye; Tyler Felgenhauer; et al.
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Environmental Research: Climate · DOI: 10.1088/2752-5295/ae7b74
关键词Tags: marine heatwaves marine heatwaves
摘要：海洋热浪 (MHW) 对海洋生物和生态系统服务造成重大损害，并可能加剧飓风。上个世纪，全球变暖增加了重灾区的持续时间和强度，预计到 21 世纪末，许多海洋区域将出现永久性的重灾区。已提出采取平流层气溶胶注入（SAI）等气候干预措施来降低全球平均温度；然而，它们对 MHW 的潜在影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们使用社区地球系统模型的输出来量化多个时间范围和气候变化情景下的 MHW。我们评估了历史（1990-2009）、当前（2015-2034）和未来（2050-2069）时期的全球MHW特性，包括持续时间和最大强度（高于气候学的最大超出）。我们分析了旨在将全球平均表面温度维持在 ∼1 的两个 SAI 情景的输出。比工业化前水平高 0°C (ARISE-SAI-1. 0) 和一种非 SAI 情景 (SSP2-4)。我们的结果表明，尽管 SAI 相对于 SSP2-4. 5 减少了 MHW 的全球平均最大强度和持续时间，但影响的程度在空间上有所不同。与目前的气候相比，SAI 情景将减少 25-76% 海洋的 MHW 强度和 20% 的 MHW 持续时间。 21-80%的海洋未来最大强度和持续时间的最大减少发生在热带大西洋、印度洋、北冰洋和南大西洋的沿海地区，即使是在更激进的SAI情景下（ARISE-SAI-1. 0），近25%的海洋将不受影响，北大西洋、热带太平洋和南大洋部分地区仍会经历更强烈和更长的MHW，这意味着即使全球平均温度目标正在实现，SAI在减轻MHW方面可能会被当地认为无效。
Abstract: Marine heatwaves (MHWs) cause significant harm to marine life and ecosystem services, and can intensify hurricanes. Global warming has increased the duration and intensity of MHWs over the last century, and permanent MHWs have been predicted in many areas of the ocean by the end of the 21st century. Climate interventions, such as stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), have been proposed to reduce the mean global temperature; however, their potential impact on MHWs is unclear. In this study, we used the output from the Community Earth System Model to quantify MHWs under multiple timeframes and climate change scenarios. We evaluated global MHW properties, including duration and maximum intensity—the maximum exceedance above the climatology—over historical (1990-2009), present (2015-2034), and future (2050-2069) periods. We analyzed output from two SAI scenarios aimed to maintain global mean surface temperatures at ∼1.5 and ∼1.0°C above pre-industrial levels (ARISE-SAI-1.5 and ARISE-SAI-1.0) and one non-SAI scenario (SSP2-4.5). Our results show that despite the SAI reducing the global average maximum intensity and duration of MHWs relative to SSP2-4.5, the magnitude of the effects varies spatially. Compared with the present climate, SAI scenarios would reduce MHW intensity in 25-76% of the ocean and MHW duration in 21-80% of the ocean. The largest future reductions in maximum intensity and duration occurred in the coastal regions of the Tropical Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and South Atlantic oceans. Even with a more aggressive SAI scenario (ARISE-SAI-1.0), nearly 25% of the ocean would remain unaffected, with areas like the North Atlantic, Tropical Pacific, and parts of the Southern Oceans still experiencing more intense and longer MHWs, meaning that SAI could be perceived locally as ineffective at mitigating MHW even while the global mean temperature target is being met.
10. Climate-modulated upwelling drives phytoplankton variability and biomass connectivity in the Humboldt Archipelago coastal system
作者Authors: Victor M. Aguilera; Matthew L. Hammond; Iván Pérez; Pablo Gorostiaga
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Scientific Reports · DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-56707-y
关键词Tags: phytoplankton phytoplankton
摘要：由浮游植物生物量（叶绿素-a、Chl）驱动的海洋生产力维持着洪堡群岛（南纬 29°）的生物多样性、渔业和生态系统服务，该群岛是洪堡洋流系统内的一个干旱沿海上升流区域。该群岛的特点是强烈的水深梯度和海底峡谷，产生复杂的环流模式，可能影响浮游植物的聚集。尽管上升流全年都会发生，但其效率在区域大气强迫和大尺度气候模式（包括厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）和太平洋经向模式（PMM））的影响下会出现季节性和年际变化。我们评估了当地水文结构、上升流动力学和气候变化如何相互作用，以调节科金博-洪堡上升流系统内的叶绿素变化和生物量连通性。为了解决这个问题，我们将 2022 年 11 月至 2024 年 12 月期间 21 次近月度调查期间在固定地点收集的 CTD 荧光剖面与卫星观测和大气数据相结合。使用分层广义加性模型分析叶绿素变异性，其中基线物理模型解释了 80% 的叶绿素偏差，而包含 PMM 将其增加到约 84%，并显着提高了模型性能。叶绿素的季节性变化主要与混合层深度浅滩和中间埃克曼输运有关，表明短期物理强迫的强烈控制。相反，PMM-Ekman 输运相互作用表明，上升流效率取决于大尺度气候背景。卫星观测进一步表明浮游植物生物量从科金博湾系统偶尔输出到群岛。 这些结果表明，气候模式调节局部上升流效率，塑造东南太平洋生物多样性最丰富的沿海地区之一的浮游植物动态。
Abstract: Marine productivity driven by phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll-a, Chl) sustains biodiversity, fisheries, and ecosystem services in the Humboldt Archipelago (29°S), an arid coastal upwelling region within the Humboldt Current System. The archipelago is characterized by strong bathymetric gradients and a submarine canyon that generate complex circulation patterns, potentially affecting phytoplankton aggregation. Although upwelling occurs year-round, its efficiency varies seasonally and interannually under the influence of regional atmospheric forcing and large-scale climate modes, including the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM). We evaluated how local hydrographic structure, upwelling dynamics, and climate variability interact to regulate Chl variability and biomass connectivity within the Coquimbo–Humboldt upwelling system. To address this, CTD-fluorescence profiles collected at a fixed site during 21 near-monthly surveys between November 2022 and December 2024 were combined with satellite observations and atmospheric data. Chlorophyll variability was analyzed using hierarchical Generalized Additive Models, of which the baseline physical model explained 80% of Chl deviance, while inclusion of the PMM increased it to ~ 84% and substantially improved model performance. Seasonal Chl variability was primarily associated with mixed-layer depth shoaling and intermediate Ekman transport, indicating strong control by short-term physical forcing. In contrast, the PMM-Ekman transport interaction revealed that upwelling efficiency depended on the large-scale climatic background. Satellite observations further suggested the episodic export of phytoplankton biomass from the Coquimbo Bay system into the archipelago. These results demonstrate that climate modes modulate local upwelling efficiency, shaping phytoplankton dynamics in one of the most biodiverse coastal regions of the Southeastern Pacific.
11. Quasi-Lagrangian observations of cloud transitions during the initial phase of marine cold air outbreaks in the Arctic – Part 2: Vertical cloud structure
作者Authors: Anna Weber; Fabian Hoffmann; Bernhard Mayer
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · DOI: 10.5194/acp-26-8001-2026
关键词Tags: vertical structure vertical structure
摘要：这项工作的目的是研究北极海洋冷空气爆发期间低层混合相云中微物理云特性的垂直分布，特别是热力学相分配和云滴尺寸。为此，我们对机载 HALO–(𝒜𝒞)3 活动期间使用高光谱和偏振成像系统 specMACS 收集的弗拉姆海峡强海洋冷空气爆发初始阶段的高分辨率观测结果进行了分析。云热力学相的伪垂直剖面通常显示冰分数随着高度的增加和温度的降低而增加，但云顶的几何薄层除外，该层更多地以液体为主。测量结果表明，冰的形成优先发生在最冷的温度下。此外，正如预期的那样，液云滴的有效半径随着高度的增加而增加。观察到的液云滴的垂直演化可以通过夹带包裹模型成功地建模。云滴效应半径的测量和计算垂直剖面与基于原位测量的附加信息之间的良好一致性表明，对于观测到的云，碰撞聚结和冰过程（例如起雾、韦格纳-伯杰龙-芬德森机制以及通过非均匀冻结形成冰）对液云滴的影响很小。所提供的分析和数据有助于改善模型中低层北极混合相云的表示，并进一步加深我们对这些云和相关微物理过程的理解。
Abstract: The aim of this work is to study the vertical distribution of microphysical cloud properties, in particular the thermodynamic phase partitioning and the cloud droplet size, in low-level mixed-phase clouds during marine cold air outbreaks in the Arctic. For this purpose, high resolution observations of the initial phase of a strong marine cold air outbreak in the Fram Strait collected with the hyperspectral and polarized imaging system specMACS during the airborne HALO–(𝒜𝒞)3 campaign are analyzed. Pseudo-vertical profiles of the cloud thermodynamic phase generally showed increasing ice fractions with increasing height and decreasing temperature, except for a geometrically thin layer at the cloud top, which was more liquid-dominated. The measurements indicated that ice formation occurred preferentially at the coldest temperatures. In addition, the effective radius of the liquid cloud droplets increased with height, as expected. The observed vertical evolution of the liquid cloud droplets could be successfully modeled by an entraining parcel model. The good agreement between measured and calculated vertical profiles of the cloud droplet effect radius and additional information based on in situ measurements indicated that the influence of collision-coalescence and ice processes, such as riming, the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen mechanism, and ice formation through heterogeneous freezing, on the liquid cloud droplets was small for the observed clouds. The analyses and data presented can help to improve the representation of low-level Arctic mixed-phase clouds in models and to further our understanding of these clouds and the related microphysical processes.
