Paper Push: 2026-06-30
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每日论文推送：BGC-Argo、海色/海洋光学、海洋热浪与碳泵Daily Paper Push: BGC-Argo, ocean colour/ocean optics, marine heatwaves and carbon pump
本期由 GitHub Actions 自动检索生成：Nature/Science 系列优先，其次是用户指定重点期刊，再补充重点关注团队的新论文，最后纳入其他相关期刊；历史去重后保留 13 篇，不超过每日 50 篇上限。 This issue was generated automatically by GitHub Actions: Nature and Science series first, then the user-defined priority journals, then new papers from the focused team, followed by other relevant journals as topical supplements. After deduplication, 13 papers remain, below the daily limit of 50.
Download Word summary
无 mechanism sketch 图。今天的意大利语卡片： No mechanism sketch figure today. Daily Italian card:
每日一句意大利语Daily Italian
Galeotto fu 'l libro e chi lo scrisse.
Dante, Commedia, Inferno V, 137; Italian original from Kalliope
Francesca 说那本书和作者成了撮合者。它常被引用来说明阅读、欲望和行动之间微妙的边界。
Francesca says the book and its author were the go-between. The line is often cited for the dangerous intimacy between reading and action.
趋势总结Trend Summary
本期重点关注 BGC-Argo、海色遥感/海洋光学、海洋热浪、浮游植物垂向结构和碳泵过程。筛选逻辑不再只限于重点期刊；当高影响力期刊当天新增较少时，会额外检索重点关注团队作者的新论文，并用海洋、海色/光学和碳循环关键词过滤，再从其他相关期刊补充候选论文。
This issue focuses on BGC-Argo, ocean-colour remote sensing, ocean optics, marine heatwaves, vertical phytoplankton structure and carbon-pump processes. The selection is no longer limited to priority journals; when few high-impact papers are newly available, the workflow also checks focused-team authors and filters those papers with ocean, ocean-colour/optics, and carbon-cycle keywords before adding other relevant journals as supplements.
重点期刊：按影响力和相关性排序Key journals: ordered by impact and relevance
1. A temperature-normalised view of Southern Ocean primary productivity under climate warming
作者Authors: Ming Cheng; Nurmalia Adroli; Nicola Maher; Michael Ellwood
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Environmental Research Letters · DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ae83d0
关键词Tags: phytoplankton phytoplankton
摘要：地球系统模型（ESM）普遍预测，在未来变暖的情况下，南大洋净初级生产力（NPP）会增加，而NPP卫星产品则显示出下降趋势。这种差异的部分原因可能是浮游植物生长公式中的直接温度依赖性引起的，随着海洋变暖，模拟的 NPP 会增加。在这里，我们引入温度归一化 NPP (TNNPP)，这是一种从模拟 NPP 中消除模型特定的直接温度增长贡献的诊断方法。使用耦合模型比对项目第 6 阶段 (CMIP6) ESM，我们将 1998-2025 年历史 NPP 和 TNNPP 与 CbPM 衍生的卫星 NPP 进行比较，并检查 SSP2-4 下的未来变化。 5个场景。 TNNPP 减少了与 CbPM 的幅度不匹配，并略微改善了趋势符号的一致性。 盒模型实验表明，NPP-TNNPP差异主要反映了去除的温度增长贡献，而剩余的TNNPP响应反映了其他模拟的生物地球化学和环境变化。在未来的预测中，到 2100 年，南大洋大部分地区的常规 NPP 会增加，而 TNNPP 会大幅下降。剩余的 TNNPP 响应与公海区域中与营养相关的变化以及海冰区域中的光可用性有关。这些结果表明，南大洋 NPP 的预计增长包括显着的温度增长贡献。 TNNPP 消除了这种 NPP-温度耦合，使其可用作解释气候变暖下生产力响应的附加诊断。
Abstract: Earth system models (ESMs) generally project an increase in Southern Ocean net primary production (NPP) under future warming, whereas the NPP satellite product shows a decreasing trend. Part of this discrepancy may arise from the direct temperature dependence embedded in phytoplankton growth formulations, which increases simulated NPP as the ocean warms. Here we introduce temperature-normalised NPP (TNNPP), a diagnostic that removes the model-specific direct temperature-growth contribution from simulated NPP. Using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) ESMs, we compare historical NPP and TNNPP with CbPM-derived satellite NPP over 1998-2025 and examine future changes under the SSP2-4.5 scenario. TNNPP reduces the magnitude mismatch with CbPM and slightly improves the agreement in trend sign. Box-model experiments show that the NPP-TNNPP difference primarily reflects the removed temperature-growth contribution, while the residual TNNPP response reflects other simulated biogeochemical and environmental changes. In future projections, conventional NPP increases over much of the Southern Ocean, whereas TNNPP declines substantially by 2100. The residual TNNPP response is associated with nutrient-related variability in the open ocean zone and with light availability in the sea-ice zone. These results indicate that the projected increase in Southern Ocean NPP includes a substantial temperature-growth contribution. TNNPP removes this NPP-temperature coupling, making it useful as an additional diagnostic for interpreting productivity responses under climate warming.
2. Day and Night Retrieval of Layered Cloud Cover from Geostationary Satellite Observations
作者Authors: Junbo Lin; Zhonghui Tan; Tingting Ye; Weihua Ai
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Remote Sensing · DOI: 10.3390/rs18132107
关键词Tags: ocean colour; vertical structure ocean colour; vertical structure
摘要：分层云量（LCC）描述了云发生的垂直分布，是评估地球-大气系统辐射收支的关键变量。然而，地面雷达的空间覆盖范围有限，而现有的卫星云覆盖产品很少能够同时提供时空连续性和高精度。由于夜间卫星观测缺乏可见通道信息，传统的被动卫星遥感在提供昼夜连续 LCC 反演方面仍然有限。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个基于红外的框架，用于从对地静止卫星观测中检索大规模昼夜 LCC。该框架首先使用混合机器学习和物理算法进行昼夜云底高度（CBH）检索来解析云的垂直结构，然后得出不同垂直层的云量。 针对星载和地面云雷达主动测量的验证表明，卫星检索的 LCC 捕获了云的垂直分布及其日变化。白天和夜间的云层识别精度分别达到 76. 3% 和 77. 9%，相应的 Cohen kappa 系数分别为 0. 66 和 0. 68。算法不确定性的主要来源是低云识别精度较低，受客观因素和物理特性的制约。检索的年平均 LCC 场再现了主要的气候特征，包括热带西太平洋上空增强的高和深对流云以及中纬度海洋上空的主要低云。 台风多克苏里的案例研究进一步表明，10 分钟的 LCC 反演捕获了台风云系统在增强、眼墙结构调整、登陆和登陆后衰减过程中的垂直演化。这些结果表明，所提出的基于红外的检索框架为构建大规模昼夜 LCC 数据集提供了有前景的基础，并且可以支持云辐射研究、气候模型评估和天气监测。
Abstract: Layered cloud cover (LCC) describes the vertical distribution of cloud occurrence and is a key variable for assessing the radiation budget of the Earth-atmosphere system. However, ground-based radars have limited spatial coverage, while existing satellite cloud-cover products rarely provide both spatiotemporal continuity and high accuracy. Because nighttime satellite observations lack visible-channel information, conventional passive satellite remote sensing remains limited in providing day-night continuous LCC retrievals. In this study, we propose an infrared-based framework for retrieving large-scale day-night LCC from geostationary satellite observations. The framework first resolves cloud vertical structure using a hybrid machine learning and physical algorithm for day-night cloud-base height (CBH) retrieval, and then derives cloud cover in different vertical layers. Validation against active measurements from spaceborne and ground-based cloud radar demonstrates that the satellite-retrieved LCC captures cloud vertical distributions and their diurnal variations. The cloud-layer identification accuracies reach 76.3% and 77.9% for daytime and nighttime, respectively, with corresponding Cohen’s kappa coefficients of 0.66 and 0.68. The primary source of algorithmic uncertainty is the low precision of low-cloud identification, which is constrained by objective factors and physical characteristics. The retrieved annual mean LCC fields reproduce major climatological features, including enhanced high and deep convective clouds over the tropical western Pacific and dominant low-cloud occurrence over the mid-latitude oceans. A case study of Typhoon Doksuri further shows that the 10 min LCC retrievals capture the vertical evolution of the typhoon cloud system during intensification, eyewall structural adjustment, landfall, and post-landfall decay. These results indicate that the proposed infrared-based retrieval framework provides a promising basis for constructing large-scale day-night LCC datasets and can support cloud-radiation studies, climate-model evaluation, and weather monitoring.
3. Current Status of the Algorithm Development and Improvement for GOCI-II Ocean Color Products
作者Authors: Jong-Kuk Choi; Myung-Sook Park; Jae-Hyun Ahn; Kyeong-Sang Lee; Eunna Jang; Hee-Jeong Han; Sun-Ju Lee; Deuk-Jae Hwang; et al.
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Remote Sensing · DOI: 10.7780/kjrs.2026.42.3.4
关键词Tags: ocean colour ocean colour
摘要：Crossref 未提供该 DOI 的摘要。
Abstract: Crossref did not provide an abstract for this DOI.
重点关注团队Focused team
4. Vertical Distribution and Stability of Soil Carbon Pools Across Ecological Zones in the Dongting Lake Basin
作者Authors: Yuqin Liang; Yujing Yang; Piaoyi Wang; Zhe Li; Shiliang Peng; Minxuan Luo; Zhaofei Tian; Yuan Zhao; et al.
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Land · DOI: 10.3390/land15071170
关键词Tags: carbon pump; vertical structure carbon pump; vertical structure
摘要：了解土壤有机碳（SOC）分数对变化的水文条件的响应对于阐明亚热带湖泊湿地的碳稳定性至关重要。本研究研究了洞庭湖四个地点（0-200 厘米深，五层）颗粒有机碳（POC）、矿物相关有机碳（MAOC）和养分化学计量的垂直和空间变化。 SOC 和总氮 (TN) 随着距离地表深度至 60 cm 呈现显着下降趋势 (p < 0. 05)。仅团州的 POC/MAOC 比率超过 1（1. 62–2. 20），表明 POC 主导的矿池很脆弱；其他位点均以 MAOC 为主（比例
Abstract: Understanding responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions to variable hydrological conditions is essential to clarify carbon stabilization in subtropical lake wetlands. This study examined vertical and spatial variations of particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) and nutrient stoichiometry across four sites in Dongting Lake (0–200 cm depth, five layers). SOC and total nitrogen (TN) showed significant decreasing trends with depth from the surface to 60 cm (p 0.05). The POC/MAOC ratio exceeded 1 only at Tuanzhou (1.62–2.20), indicating a vulnerable POC-dominated pool; other sites were MAOC-dominated (ratio
5. Response of Zostera japonica rhizosphere bacteria to ocean acidification
作者Authors: Xinqi Li; Yu Zang; Hongzhen Wang; Jiayi Xin; Lei Liu; Yuhui Zhang; Wenqin Chen; Xiying Meng; et al.
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Applied and Environmental Microbiology · DOI: 10.1128/aem.00277-26
关键词Tags: microbial carbon microbial carbon
摘要：全球气候变化背景下，大气CO 2 浓度不断升高，加剧了海洋酸化（OA），严重影响海洋生态系统的结构和功能。海草床作为近岸生态系统的代表，在碳汇、生物多样性保护和近岸环境平衡中发挥着关键作用。海草床内的根际微生物是生态系统的重要组成部分，驱动物质循环和能量流动。它们的群落结构和功能表现出对环境变化的高度敏感性。虽然以前的研究主要集中在海洋酸化对海草宿主的影响，但对根际的关注有限。 因此，本研究选择大叶藻作为重点物种，系统评估了海洋酸化背景下不同酸化水平（400 ppm、1,000 ppm、2,000 ppm CO 2 ）下根际细菌群落结构和功能的变化。结果表明，酸化条件下根际细菌群落的丰富度和多样性显着下降，伴随着群落组成的变化，其特征是随着酸化水平的升高，拟杆菌门和粘杆菌门的相对丰度增加。在高酸化条件下，细菌网络相互作用呈现出简化的趋势；然而，关键分类单位的数量增加了，群落组装也从随机过程转变为确定性过程。 功能预测表明，酸化作用下微生物固碳和固氮作用增强，而反硝化和特定硫代谢途径受到抑制。这意味着在酸化环境中，根际细菌群落可以增强碳和氮的固定以维持养分供应。在全球气候变化和海洋酸化加剧的背景下，海草床作为重要的蓝色碳汇生态系统，其生态功能和稳定性面临着严峻挑战。海草根际微生物作为海草宿主的“第二基因组”，在海草床内的物质循环、养分供应和系统稳定性中发挥着核心作用。它们是支持海草适应环境变化的关键生物成分。 因此，研究海洋酸化下海草根际细菌群落的响应和适应机制对于加深我们对海草床生态系统稳定性和恢复力的认识至关重要。
Abstract: Amidst global climate change, the escalating atmospheric CO 2 levels have intensified ocean acidification (OA), significantly impacting the structure and function of marine ecosystems. Seagrass beds, representative nearshore ecosystems, play a pivotal role in carbon sequestration, biodiversity preservation, and nearshore environmental equilibrium. Rhizosphere microorganisms within seagrass beds, essential components of the ecosystem, drive material cycling and energy flow. Their community structure and functions demonstrate heightened sensitivity to environmental variations. While previous studies have primarily focused on the effects of ocean acidification on seagrass hosts, limited attention has been given to the rhizosphere. Therefore, this study selected Zostera japonica as the focal species and systematically evaluated changes in the structure and function of the rhizosphere bacterial community across varying acidification levels (400 ppm, 1,000 ppm, 2,000 ppm CO 2 ) within an ocean acidification context. The results revealed a significant decline in the richness and diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial community under acidification, accompanied by shifts in community composition characterized by an increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidota and Tenacibaculum with escalating acidification levels. In high acidification conditions, bacterial network interactions exhibited a trend toward simplification; yet the number of key taxonomic units increases, and there was a shift in community assembly from stochastic to deterministic processes. Functional predictions indicated the enhancement of microbial carbon sequestration and nitrogen fixation under acidification, while denitrification and specific sulfur metabolism pathways were inhibited. This implies that in acidified environments, the rhizosphere bacterial community may enhance carbon and nitrogen fixation to uphold nutrient supply. IMPORTANCE Against the background of escalating global climate change and ocean acidification, seagrass beds, as crucial blue carbon sink ecosystems, face formidable challenges to their ecological functions and stability. Rhizosphere microorganisms of seagrasses, serving as the “second genome” of the seagrass host, play a central role in material cycling, nutrient supply, and system stability within seagrass beds. They are a key biological component that supports seagrass adaptation to environmental changes. Therefore, investigating the response and adaptation mechanisms of seagrass rhizosphere bacterial communities under ocean acidification is essential for deepening our understanding of the stability and resilience of seagrass bed ecosystems.
6. Spatiotemporal patterns of phytoplankton communities in coastal waters near the Taishan Nuclear Power Plant
作者Authors: Jingxin Wei; Pei Jiang; Rui He; Zhihao Yang; Qi Chen; Yingshi Ou; Yan Zhang; Bingqing Xiao; et al.
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Marine Environmental Research · DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.108235
关键词Tags: phytoplankton phytoplankton
摘要：Crossref 未提供该 DOI 的摘要。
Abstract: Crossref did not provide an abstract for this DOI.
7. Freshwater flux variability shortens the period of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
作者Authors: Xinyu Xia; Fukai Liu; Yiyong Luo; Zhuo Zhang; Xun Li
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans · DOI: 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2026.101693
关键词Tags: ocean biogeochemistry ocean biogeochemistry
摘要：Crossref 未提供该 DOI 的摘要。
Abstract: Crossref did not provide an abstract for this DOI.
8. Response Mechanisms of Ecosystem Pattern and Function to Multi-Dimensional Drought Within the Yellow River Basin Amid Climate Change
作者Authors: Kaiang Zhao; Hongxiang Wang; Wenxian Guo; Xiao Chen; Zhongyi Liu; Kang Zhao; Tongli Niu; Lintong Huang
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Forests · DOI: 10.3390/f17070759
关键词Tags: ocean colour ocean colour
摘要：环境的变化加剧了干旱对陆地生态系统的影响。本次调查结合2000-2020年气象和多平台遥感观测，采用时空分析和相关分析，探讨黄河流域多维干旱特征及其对生态系统格局和净初级生产力（NPP）的影响。气象干旱中心主要集中在中游地区，最严重干旱持续32个月（2000年1月—2002年5月），2003年转移419. 18公里。人类活动主导土地利用转变：耕地减少8523. 48平方公里，建设用地增加4550. 79平方公里，生态严重退化地区增加到28个。 61%。 林地和耕地的EQI和LUE呈持续上升趋势，草地和未利用地年际波动剧烈且改善缓慢。土地利用类型决定了气候与生态指标之间的耦合差异。在人类干预下，农田形成独特的相关性：-0。 SPEI-12 和 CWSI 之间为 9，-0。 SPEI-12 和 TVDI 之间为 8，CWSI 和 TVDI 之间为 0。 9。这些发现表明，人类活动严格调节干旱生态系统反馈，凸显了针对土地利用量身定制管理方法的必要性。
Abstract: Changing environments have intensified drought impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. By integrating meteorological and multi-platform remote sensing observations spanning 2000–2020, this investigation employed spatiotemporal analysis and correlation analysis to investigate multi-dimensional drought characteristics and their impacts on ecosystem patterns and net primary productivity (NPP) across the Yellow River Basin. The meteorological drought center was predominantly located in the midstream region, with the most intense drought persisting for 32 months (January 2000–May 2002) and shifting 419.18 km in 2003. Human activities dominated land use transformation: cropland decreased by 8523.48 km2, built-up land increased by 4550.79 km2, and severely ecologically degraded areas rose to 28.61%. Forestland and cropland showed continuous upward trends in EQI and LUE, while grassland and unused land exhibited severe interannual fluctuations and slow improvement. Land use type determined coupling differences between climatic and ecological indicators. Under human intervention, cropland formed unique correlations: −0.9 between SPEI-12 and CWSI, −0.8 between SPEI-12 and TVDI, and 0.9 between CWSI and TVDI. These findings indicate that human activities critically regulate drought–ecosystem feedbacks, highlighting the need for land use-tailored management approaches.
其他相关期刊：按主题相关性补充Other relevant journals: topical supplements
9. Plastic film residues on cropland: monitoring soil contamination through optical remote sensing
作者Authors: Alessandro Fabrizi; Peter Fiener; Kristof Van Oost; Florian Wilken
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
SOIL · DOI: 10.5194/soil-12-715-2026
关键词Tags: ocean colour; bio-optics ocean colour; bio-optics
摘要：过去几十年来，塑料薄膜一直在改善农业生产并覆盖越来越多的农田面积。然而，它们的使用与塑料残留物的产生有关，有可能成为农业土壤中主要的次生微塑料来源。监测塑料薄膜残留物的产生对于确定良好的管理实践和评估农业中塑料使用的风险至关重要。遥感已被认为是监测主要在水域中的大塑料残留物的重要工具，而其在农业土壤上的应用大多尚未开发。我们的研究结合了近端和遥感技术，为无人机用于监测农田上的大塑料薄膜残留物奠定了基础。通过近端和无人机采集五波段多光谱数据（即 、蓝色、绿色、红色、红色边缘、近红外），我们强调了现成的微型传感器的潜力，并确定了检测大塑料薄膜残留物的可能工作流程。我们的研究结果强调，与光谱分辨率相比，空间分辨率具有更大或至少相似的功效，鼓励使用高分辨率 RGB 相机而不是多光谱相机。通过对 8 种不同农用塑料薄膜的高光谱数据进行近端采集，我们构建了光谱库，并定位了现成多光谱相机通常不具备的波长处的吸收特征。我们强调，这些吸收特征可以明确识别农田上的塑料薄膜，并提供区分塑料类型的潜力，从而鼓励开发专门用于塑料检测的传感器。
Abstract: Plastic films have been improving agricultural production and covering an increasing surface area of cropland in the last decades. Yet their use has been connected to the generation of plastic residues, potentially acting as a main secondary microplastic source in agricultural soils. Monitoring the generation of plastic film residues is crucial for identifying good management practices and assessing the risk of plastic use in agriculture. Remote sensing has been qualified as a valuable tool for monitoring macroplastic residues mainly on waters, while its use on agricultural soils is mostly unexplored. Our study combined proximal and remote sensing techniques to lay the foundations of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) use for monitoring macroplastic film residues on cropland. Through proximal and UAV acquisitions of five-band multispectral data (i.e., blue, green, red, red edge, near infrared), we highlighted the potential of off-the-shelf miniaturised sensors and identified possible workflows for detecting macroplastic film residues. Our findings highlight a greater, or at least similar, efficacy of spatial resolution compared to spectral resolution, encouraging the use of high-resolution RGB cameras over multispectral cameras. Through proximal acquisitions of hyperspectral data on 8 different agricultural plastic films, we built spectral libraries and located absorption features at wavelengths that are not commonly available on off-the-shelf multispectral cameras. We highlighted that these absorption features unambiguously identify plastic films on cropland and offer the potential to distinguish plastic types, encouraging the development of sensors tailored for plastic detection.
10. Ocean-Based Carbon Sink -Ocean Carbon Pump-
作者Authors: Ho Jeong Dan
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Law Review · DOI: 10.57057/lawreview.2026.6.26.2.147
关键词Tags: carbon pump carbon pump
摘要：Crossref 未提供该 DOI 的摘要。
Abstract: Crossref did not provide an abstract for this DOI.
11. Analysis of Shoreline Change Based on Littoral Cell along the East Coast of the Korean Peninsula Using Satellite Imagery
作者Authors: Juyeong Hur; Yong Sung Park; Jun-Cheol Jeon
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers · DOI: 10.9765/kscoe.2026.38.3.99
关键词Tags: ocean colour ocean colour
摘要：本研究旨在利用卫星遥感技术定量分析朝鲜半岛东海岸（包括数据有限区域）的海岸线变化，并研究沿岸单元的空间结构。使用 2015 年至 2025 年的 Sentinel-2 卫星图像来提取海岸线，并使用基于密度的聚类算法 (DBSCAN) 去除异常值。根据现场调查数据进行验证，均方根误差 (RMSE) 为 16. 21 m，确定系数 (R2) 为 0. 815。根据构建的长期海岸线数据集，计算海滩宽度变化并应用潮汐校正。定义了代表海岸线方向、海滩宽度不对称性和海湾的无量纲指标，并且还包括地理坐标作为空间约束。 然后使用降维和层次聚类对空间上相邻的具有相似沉积物迁移特征的沿海部分进行分类。结果表明，朝鲜半岛东海岸可分为四大泥沙输送系统，部分断面显示泥沙输送跨越朝韩边界。此外，在局部尺度上观察到空间异质性，侵蚀和增生并存。
Abstract: This study aims to quantitatively analyze shoreline change along the east coast of the Korean Peninsula, including the data-limited region, using satellite-based remote sensing techniques, and to examine the spatial structure of littoral cells. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery from 2015 to 2025 was used to extract shorelines, and outliers were removed using a density-based clustering algorithm (DBSCAN). Validation against field survey data showed a root mean square error (RMSE) of 16.21 m and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.815. Based on the constructed long-term shoreline dataset, beach width variations were calculated and tidal corrections were applied. Dimensionless indicators representing shoreline orientation, beach-width asymmetry, and embayment were defined, and geographic coordinates were additionally included as spatial constraints. Dimensionality reduction and hierarchical clustering were then used to classify spatially adjacent coastal segments with similar sediment-transport characteristics. The results indicate that the east coast of the Korean Peninsula can be classified into four major sediment transport systems, with some sections showing sediment transport extending across the inter-Korean boundary. Furthermore, spatial heterogeneity was observed at the local scale, where erosion and accretion coexist.
12. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Al-Razaza Lake Changes by Using Derived Indices and Remote Sensing Analysis
作者Authors: Farah A. Alsaadi; Hyder A. Dibs
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences · DOI: 10.58629/mjms.v41i1.440
关键词Tags: ocean colour ocean colour
摘要：拉扎扎湖是伊拉克湖泊之一。素有洪水大库、鱼类财富源泉之称。在过去的三十年里，它遭受了严重的脱水。这项研究提出了利用遥感卫星图像来识别 1990 年至 2025 年间该湖变化的方法。这项研究分多个阶段进行；预处理、处理和分析以消除图像的噪声，并将校正后的图像应用到下一阶段的研究中。然后，本研究使用应用于陆地卫星系统卫星图像的不同指数进行；使用归一化水体指数差异 (NDWI) 和归一化植被指数差异 (NDVI) 来提取 AL-Razazah 地表水域。 此外，选择无监督方法使用 K-Means 算法执行图像分类，以便将研究区域分为多个类别。结果表明，湖泊变化很快。 NDVI 和 NDWI 显示拉扎扎湖面积大幅减少，分别为 81. 17 % 和 80. 32%，面积分别为 1187. 40 km2 和 1189. 24 km2。结果是高度脱水扩大，所有这些干燥区域都变成了土壤区域，这将威胁野生动物并减少拉扎扎湖的鱼类财富。这些成果将供想要研究伊拉克水体以及索赔变更对水体影响的研究人员和分析人员使用。拉扎扎湖是伊拉克湖泊之一。素有洪水大库、鱼类财富源泉之称。在过去的三十年里，它遭受了严重的脱水。 这项研究提出了利用遥感卫星图像来识别 1990 年至 2025 年间该湖变化的方法。这项研究分多个阶段进行；预处理、处理和分析以消除图像的噪声，并将校正后的图像应用到下一阶段的研究中。然后，本研究使用应用于陆地卫星系统卫星图像的不同指数进行；使用归一化水体指数差异 (NDWI) 和归一化植被指数差异 (NDVI) 来提取 AL-Razazah 地表水域。此外，选择无监督方法使用 K-Means 算法执行图像分类，以便将研究区域分为多个类别。结果表明，湖泊变化很快。 NDVI 和 NDWI 显示 AL-Razazah 湖面积大幅减少，分别为 81. 17 % 和 80. 32%，面积约为 1187. 40 平方公里和 1189. 24 平方公里。结果是高度脱水扩大，所有这些干燥区域都变成了土壤区域，这将威胁野生动物并减少拉扎扎湖的鱼类财富。这些成果将供想要研究伊拉克水体以及索赔变更对水体影响的研究人员和分析人员使用。
Abstract: AL-Razazah Lake is one of the Iraqi Lakes. it is known as big flood water store and fish’s wealth source. At the last three decades it suffers from highly extent of dehydration. This research proposes approach to identify the changes of this Lake in between 1990 to 2025 using remotely sensed satellite images. This research is conducted by many phases; Pre-processing, Processing, and Analyzing to remove the image’ s noise and applied the corrected image into next phase of the study. Then, this study was performed using different indices applied on the satellite images from Landsat Satellite System; Normalized-Difference-Water-Index (NDWI), and Normalized-Difference-Vegetation-Index (NDVI) to extract the AL-Razazah surface water Area. In addition, an unsupervised Approach was selected to perform image classification using the K-Means algorithm in order to classify the study area to many classes. The results reveal that the Lake was changed rapidly. The NDVI and NDWI show the highly decreasing in the area of AL-Razazah Lake about 81.17 % and 80.32% with area about of 1187.40 km2 and 1189.24km2. The results a highly dehydration extending, and all these drying areas were becoming a soil area, that will threat the wildlife and reduce the wealth of fish in AL-Razazah Lake. The outputs will be utilized for the researchers and analysts who would like to study the water bodies and the effect of the claim changes on water bodies in Iraq. AL-Razazah Lake is one of the Iraqi Lakes. it is known as big flood water store and fish’s wealth source. At the last three decades it suffers from highly extent of dehydration. This research proposes approach to identify the changes of this Lake in between 1990 to 2025 using remotely sensed satellite images. This research is conducted by many phases; Pre-processing, Processing, and Analyzing to remove the image’ s noise and applied the corrected image into next phase of the study. Then, this study was performed using different indices applied on the satellite images from Landsat Satellite System; Normalized-Difference-Water-Index (NDWI), and Normalized-Difference-Vegetation-Index (NDVI) to extract the AL-Razazah surface water Area. In addition, an unsupervised Approach was selected to perform image classification using the K-Means algorithm in order to classify the study area to many classes. The results reveal that the Lake was changed rapidly. The NDVI and NDWI show the highly decreasing in the area of AL-Razazah Lake about 81.17 % and 80.32% with area about of 1187.40 km2 and 1189.24km2. The results a highly dehydration extending, and all these drying areas were becoming a soil area, that will threat the wildlife and reduce the wealth of fish in AL-Razazah Lake. The outputs will be utilized for the researchers and analysts who would like to study the water bodies and the effect of the claim changes on water bodies in Iraq.
13. Landsat 8 Thermal Band Precision Assessment in Measuring the Arabian Gulf's Northwest Sea Surface Temperature
作者Authors: Adel J. Al-Fartusi; Mutasim I. Malik; Hameed M. Abduljabbar
发表月份Publication month: 2026-06 2026-06
Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences · DOI: 10.58629/mjms.v41i1.444
关键词Tags: ocean colour ocean colour
摘要：遥感应用最重要的领域之一是物理海洋学研究。早期绘制海洋热图的方法包括使用安装在浮标上的传感器。通过使用安装在地球观测卫星上的热传感器，遥感现在提供了更先进的技术来提取海面温度（SST）值作为所有水体的连续栅格模型。 Landsat 8 的 TIRS 传感器必须具有热带，以便能够以 100 m2 的空间分辨率提取海表温度。当前的研究证实了 Landsat 8 的两个热波段（波段 10 和 11）用于阿拉伯湾西北部水域海温评估的精度。使用热图像并将其与 2014 年 12 月和 2022 年 1 月拍摄的选定站点的实际测量温度进行比较。 这是使用 ENVI 5.3 提供的“亮度温度”功能来确定表面温度来完成的。通过考虑均方根误差 (RMSE) 和平均绝对误差率 (MAPE)，Landsat 8 在阿拉伯湾西北部海域海表温度监测的精度得到了证实。热带10的精度为±1。 72（1。79％），而热带11的精度为±2。 2014 年为 37 (2. 49%)，差异为 ± 0. 65 (0. 7%)。 2022年测得热敏带10精度为±1. 7（2. 37%），热敏带11精度为±2. 25（3. 13%），相差±0. 55（0. 76%）。因此，当前研究的结果表明，Landsat 8 的热波段 10 在测量阿拉伯湾西北部水体的海面温度时比热波段 11 更精确。
Abstract: One of the most significant fields for remote sensing applications is physical oceanography research. Early methods for thermal mapping of the seas and oceans included using sensors mounted on buoys. Through the use of thermal sensors mounted on Earth observation satellites, remote sensing now offers more progressive techniques to extract the sea surface temperature (SST) values as a continuous raster model for all water bodies. Landsat 8's TIRS sensor must have a thermal band so that the SST can be extracted with a 100 m2 spatial resolution. The precision of two thermal bands from Landsat 8 (bands 10 and 11) for SST appreciation in waters northwest of the Arabian Gulf was confirmed by the current study. Using thermal images and comparing them with the actual measured temperatures of selected stations taken in December 2014 and January 2022. This was accomplished using the "Brightness Temperature" function provided by ENVI 5.3 for determining the surface temperature. By accounting for root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error rate (MAPE), Landsat 8's precision for SST monitoring in waters northwest of the Arabian Gulf was confirmed. The thermal band 10's accuracy was ±1.72 (1.79%), while the precision of thermal band 11 was ±2.37 (2.49%) in 2014, with a difference of ± 0.65 (0.7%). In 2022, it was found that the precision of thermal band 10 was ± 1.7 (2.37%), and the precision of thermal band 11 was ± 2.25 (3.13%), with a difference of ± 0.55 (0.76%).Wherefore, the outputs of the current study show that Landsat 8's thermal band 10 is more precise than thermal band 11 at measuring the sea surface temperature of water northwest of the Arabian Gulf.
