1. Recognizing the human health impacts of marine heatwaves
关键词Tags: marine heatwaves marine heatwaves
摘要：Crossref 未提供该 DOI 的摘要。
Abstract: Crossref did not provide an abstract for this DOI.
Paper Push: 2026-07-21
每日论文推送：BGC-Argo、海色/海洋光学、海洋热浪与碳泵Daily Paper Push: BGC-Argo, ocean colour/ocean optics, marine heatwaves and carbon pump
无 mechanism sketch 图。今天的意大利语卡片： No mechanism sketch figure today. Daily Italian card:
每日一句意大利语Daily Italian
Considerate la vostra semenza.
这句可理解为“想想你们的本源”。在尤利西斯的演说中，它引出人应追求德性与知识的名句。
The line asks listeners to consider their origin or nature. In Ulysses' speech, it prepares the call to pursue virtue and knowledge.
趋势总结Trend Summary
本期重点关注 BGC-Argo、海色遥感/海洋光学、海洋热浪、浮游植物垂向结构和碳泵过程。筛选逻辑不再只限于重点期刊；当高影响力期刊当天新增较少时，会额外检索重点关注团队作者的新论文，并用海洋、海色/光学和碳循环关键词过滤，再从其他相关期刊补充候选论文。
This issue focuses on BGC-Argo, ocean-colour remote sensing, ocean optics, marine heatwaves, vertical phytoplankton structure and carbon-pump processes. The selection is no longer limited to priority journals; when few high-impact papers are newly available, the workflow also checks focused-team authors and filters those papers with ocean, ocean-colour/optics, and carbon-cycle keywords before adding other relevant journals as supplements.
Nature 系列Nature series
重点期刊：按影响力和相关性排序Key journals: ordered by impact and relevance
2. Raman imaging of the phycosphere reveals sharp gradients of organic matter exuded by single phytoplankton cells
关键词Tags: phytoplankton; microbial carbon phytoplankton; microbial carbon
摘要：浮游植物细胞在水体中分泌出多种化学物质，形成一个称为藻圈的局部微环境。尽管现在人们普遍认为藻圈介导浮游植物和细菌之间的相互作用，但单个浮游植物细胞周围的化学梯度从未被明确测量过，并且它们的形状通常被认为是由理想扩散设定的。在这里，我们使用拉曼显微光谱法获得了不同物种的单个浮游植物细胞周围浮游植物代谢物（岩藻黄质）浓度分布的微米级测量结果，其半径在 2. 5 至 60 μm 之间。我们发现，随着与细胞的距离增加，岩藻黄质浓度下降的速度比理想扩散预测的要快，这表明藻圈中包含的化合物的扩散具有非理想效应。 我们使用空间依赖性扩散率模型来解释这一观察结果，其中非理想性是由细胞外环境中的粘度和溶解度梯度引起的。我们的结果提出了藻圈的洋葱结构模型，其中服从理想扩散的小亲水性溶质产生宽但弱的梯度，而不溶性化合物保留在距浮游植物细胞表面 10 至 20 μ 的范围内，并产生陡峭的有机物梯度。这些观察结果得到了岩藻黄质可以作为海洋细菌的有效化学引诱剂的证据的支持，表明存在强烈且高度局部化的化学线索，对水生环境中的微生物相互作用具有潜在深远的影响。这些发现凸显了直接测量海洋微生物经历的微观化学景观的重要性。
Abstract: Phytoplankton cells exude a wide array of chemicals in the water column, generating a localized microenvironment known as the phycosphere. Although it is now well accepted that the phycosphere mediates interactions between phytoplankton and bacteria, the chemical gradients around individual phytoplankton cells have never been explicitly measured, and their shape has been classically assumed to be set by ideal diffusion. Here we used Raman microspectroscopy to obtain micrometer-scale measurements of the concentration profile of a phytoplankton metabolite (fucoxanthin) around individual phytoplankton cells of different species, having radii between 2.5 and 60 μ m. We found that fucoxanthin concentration decreases more rapidly with distance from the cell than predicted by ideal diffusion, showing that the phycosphere includes compounds whose diffusion is characterized by nonideal effects. We explain this observation using a space-dependent diffusivity model where nonideality arises from viscosity and solubility gradients in the extracellular environment. Our results suggest an onion-structured model of the phycosphere, in which small hydrophilic solutes that obey ideal diffusion generate broad but weak gradients, whereas insoluble compounds are retained within 10 to 20 μ from the phytoplankton cell surface and yield steep gradients of organic matter. These observations, supported by evidence that fucoxanthin can act as an effective chemoattractant for marine bacteria, show the existence of strong and highly localized chemical cues with potentially far-reaching impacts on microbial interactions in aquatic environments. These findings highlight the importance of directly measuring the microscale chemical landscape experienced by marine microbes.
3. Jingwei-Nutrients: a global spatiotemporal reconstruction of ocean nutrients (1965–2023) using multi-task deep learning
关键词Tags: carbon pump; vertical structure carbon pump; vertical structure
摘要：溶解的硝酸盐、磷酸盐和硅酸盐是海洋初级生产力和生物碳泵的基本驱动力。然而，连续、长期的全球数据集的发展长期以来一直受到历史数据极端稀疏和复杂的生物地球化学动力学的严重阻碍。统计插值方法很难同时填补严重稀疏的数据空白并捕获非线性交互，因此需要先进的人工智能 (AI) 来显式学习和利用它们的潜在关系。然而，大多数现有的人工智能方法独立地重建营养素（即单任务学习），未能利用跨营养素化学计量固有的协同效应。 在这项研究中，我们提出了 Jingwei-Nutrients，这是一个 1°×1° 分辨率、从 0 到 2000 米深度、跨越 1965 年到 2023 年的四维全球月度数据产品，使用基于 Transformer 的多任务学习 (MTL) 框架重建，该框架在综合的、质量控制的多源观测数据库上进行训练。对按时间顺序排列的 K 倍交叉验证进行评估，得到的平均验证 R2 值分别为 0. 991、0. 969 和 0. 990，硝酸盐、磷酸盐和硅酸盐的 RMSE 分别为 1. 295、0. 163 和 4. 109 µmol kg−1。时间 K 折交叉验证表明，与单任务模型相比，MTL 框架对于所有三种营养素始终实现更高的 R2 和更低的 RMSE，并且在数据稀疏的早期几十年（例如 1965-1975 年）具有更大的准确性增益。 我们的数据产品与世界海洋地图集 (WOA) 再现一致的全球气候模式和季节周期。此外，针对长期监测站（HOT 和 KERFIX）和 GO-SHIP 巡航部分（P16N、P16S 和 P06E）的独立评估证明了我们在数十年时间趋势、空间变异和垂直变化方面的有效性。此外，基于集合的不确定性分析揭示了可解释的空间异质性和全球不确定性的长期下降趋势，这直接反映了从稀疏早期采样到现代观测网络的历史转变。该产品填补了历史海洋生物地球化学观测的一个关键空白，为海洋生物地球化学建模和气候变化研究提供了可靠、物理一致的基础。该产品可在 https://doi 上公开获取。 org/10.第5281章 21066027（王等人，2026）。
Abstract: Dissolved nitrate, phosphate, and silicate are fundamental drivers of marine primary productivity and the biological carbon pump. However, the development of continuous, long-term global datasets has long been severely hindered by extreme historical data sparsity and complex biogeochemical dynamics. Statistical interpolation methods struggle to simultaneously fill the severely sparse data gaps and capture the non-linear interactions, necessitating advanced artificial intelligence (AI) to explicitly learn and leverage their underlying relationships. Nevertheless, most existing AI methods reconstruct nutrients independently (i.e., Single-Task Learning), failing to exploit the synergistic effects inherent in cross-nutrient stoichiometry. In this study, we present Jingwei-Nutrients, a four-dimensional global monthly data product at 1°×1° resolution from 0 to 2000 m depth spanning 1965 to 2023, reconstructed using a Transformer-based Multi-Task Learning (MTL) framework trained on a comprehensive, quality-controlled multi-source observational database. Evaluation on chronological K-fold cross-validation yields mean validation R2 values across folds of 0.991, 0.969, and 0.990, with RMSEs of 1.295, 0.163, and 4.109 µmol kg−1 for nitrate, phosphate, and silicate, respectively. Temporal K-fold cross-validation reveals that the MTL framework consistently achieves higher R2 and lower RMSE for all three nutrients compared to single-task models, with larger accuracy gains in data-sparse earlier decades such as 1965–1975. Our data product reproduces consistent global climatology patterns and seasonal cycles with World Ocean Atlas (WOA). Furthermore, independent evaluations against long-term monitoring stations (HOT and KERFIX) and GO-SHIP cruise sections (P16N, P16S, and P06E) demonstrate our effectiveness across multi-decadal temporal trends, spatial variability and vertical changes. Additionally, an ensemble-based uncertainty analysis reveals interpretable spatial heterogeneities and a long-term decreasing trend in global uncertainty, which directly mirrors the historical transition from sparse early sampling to modern observing networks. This product fills a critical gap in historical ocean biogeochemical observations, providing a reliable, physically consistent foundation for marine biogeochemical modeling and climate change studies. The product is openly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21066027 (Wang et al., 2026).
4. Full‐year in situ imaging reveals fine‐scale habitat differences among salp and doliolid life stages
关键词Tags: phytoplankton phytoplankton
摘要：水母和樽海鞘是远洋被囊动物，在其生活史中以无性和有性方式繁殖，偶尔会形成大量水华（> 1000 ind. m -3 ），每天可以清除大量水。尽管海藻和樽海鞘的大量繁殖通常与初级生产力的波动有关，但人们对它们的生活史动态及其遇到的各种海洋条件的反应知之甚少。在这里，我们使用 2021 年 4 月至 2022 年 3 月在南大西洋湾陆架每月巡航期间部署的原位成像车辆，量化与海洋学变量相关的多利奥利和樽海鞘生命阶段的丰度和分布模式。 在各种条件下的所有月份中，在中陆架（25、45 m 等深线）都观察到了多利奥利生命阶段，尽管通常丰度较低（-3），而在冬季月份中很少观察到樽海鞘，在 45 m 等深线处更为常见。相对于多利奥尔科动物，樽海鞘与较小范围的陆架栖息地条件相关。单参数商分析显示，与樽海鞘相比，多利奥利与较低的温度 (16–29°C)、较高的叶绿素 a (Chl a ) 荧光 (0. 25–5 mg m −3 ) 和更多 > 0. 5 mm ESD (0–150 L −1 ) 颗粒 (20–29°C、0. 25–2 mg m −3 Chl a 、0–70 个颗粒 L −1 ) 相关。 ）。对于这两个类群，与无性阶段相比，有性生活阶段与较小范围的海洋学变量相关，这意味着它们的种群动态受到可能涉及不同水团的条件序列的影响。
Abstract: Doliolids and salps are pelagic tunicates that reproduce both asexually and sexually during their life history, occasionally forming massive blooms (> 1000 ind. m −3 ) that can clear large volumes of water daily. Although blooms of doliolids and salps are often associated with pulses of primary productivity, little is understood about their life history dynamics in response to the full range of oceanographic conditions they encounter. Here, we quantify patterns in the abundance and distribution of doliolid and salp life stages related to oceanographic variables using an in situ imaging vehicle deployed during monthly cruises from April 2021 to March 2022 in the South Atlantic Bight shelf. Doliolid life stages were observed across the mid‐shelf (25, 45 m isobaths) in all months in a variety of conditions, albeit often at low abundances ( −3 ), while salps were infrequently observed during winter months and were more common at the 45 m isobath. Relative to doliolids, salps were associated with a narrower range of shelf habitat conditions. A single parameter quotient analysis revealed doliolids associated with cooler temperatures (16–29°C), higher chlorophyll a (Chl a ) fluorescence (0.25–5 mg m −3 ), and more particles > 0.5 mm ESD (0–150 L −1 ) compared to salps (20–29°C, 0.25–2 mg m −3 Chl a , 0–70 particles L −1 ). For both taxa, sexual life stages were associated with smaller ranges of oceanographic variables compared to asexual stages, implying their population dynamics are influenced by sequences of conditions that may involve different water masses.
5. High-dimensional parameter optimization of a biogeochemical model: a multi-variable BGC-Argo data assimilation approach
关键词Tags: BGC-Argo; phytoplankton; vertical structure BGC-Argo; phytoplankton; vertical structure
摘要：海洋生物地球化学模型的预测准确性受到参数值不确定性的限制。我们提出了一个参数优化框架，使用迭代重要性采样 (iIS)，通过利用 Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) 浮标提供的全面、多变量数据集，将 PISCES 生物地球化学模型限制在海洋的一维表示内。利用 2015 年北大西洋单个 BGC-Argo 浮标的季节性观测，我们同化了来自 8 个生物地球化学示踪剂的 20 个观测量，以直接优化所有 95 个鲜为人知的模型参数。先决条件的全局敏感性分析（GSA）将控制浮游动物动力学的参数确定为该地点模型敏感性的主要来源。 我们比较了三种策略：（1）优化因其强烈直接影响（主效应）而选择的参数子集； (2) 优化更大的子集，其中还包括通过非线性相互作用产生影响的参数（总效应）； (3)同时优化所有95个参数。所有三种方法都实现了与同化观测值在统计上无法区分的拟合优度，相对于使用默认 PISCES 参数的参考模拟，跨指标的中值归一化 RMSE 降低了 54%–56%。 全面的多变量观测约束产生参数间相关性可忽略不计的后验参数分布，将相关等价性的长期挑战转变为不相关等价性：存在多个最优参数集，但各个参数不相关，而不是相互补偿。相对于广泛的均匀先验分布，参数不确定性降低了 16%–41%。虽然所有策略都对同化变量产生相似的拟合优度，但它们在计算成本和对未同化变量的不确定性估计方面有所不同。全参数策略对未同化变量的参数不确定性提供了更全面的解释，因为它允许所有参数变化，而不是人为地将鲜为人知的参数固定为其默认值。 由于使用一维模型配置，该方法在计算上易于处理，优化步骤需要大约 24 个 CPU 小时，而先决条件 GSA 的计算成本要高出约 40 倍。当在三年期间（2017-2019）以 1/36° 分辨率在三维 IBI（伊比利亚 - 比斯开 - 爱尔兰）区域模型中实施时，全参数策略的优化参数集相对于大约 1430 个独立的 BGC-Argo 营养物和碳酸盐垂直剖面提高了整体归一化 RMSE，尽管硝酸盐和硅酸盐在地中海显示出技能下降。当针对多观察再加工产品进行评估时，表面叶绿素 a 在整个域中也能更好地再现。应通过将其应用于其他海洋区域的其他 BGC-Argo 浮标来测试该方法的通用性。
Abstract: The predictive accuracy of marine biogeochemical models is limited by uncertainty in their parameter values. We present a parameter optimization framework using iterative Importance Sampling (iIS) to constrain the PISCES biogeochemical model within a one-dimensional representation of the ocean by leveraging the comprehensive, multi-variable dataset provided by Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats. Using seasonal observations from a single BGC-Argo float in the North Atlantic during the year 2015, we assimilate twenty observational quantities derived from eight biogeochemical tracers to directly optimise all 95 poorly known model parameters. A prerequisite global sensitivity analysis (GSA) identifies parameters controlling zooplankton dynamics as the dominant source of model sensitivity at this site. We compare three strategies: (1) optimising a subset of parameters selected for their strong direct influence (Main effects); (2) optimising a larger subset that also includes parameters influential through non-linear interactions (Total effects); and (3) simultaneously optimising all 95 parameters. All three approaches achieve a statistically indistinguishable goodness of fit to the assimilated observations, reducing the median normalised RMSE across metrics by 54 %–56 % relative to the reference simulation with default PISCES parameters. The comprehensive, multi-variable observational constraint yields posterior parameter distributions with negligible inter-parameter correlation, shifting the long-standing challenge of correlated equifinality to uncorrelated equifinality: multiple optimal parameter sets exist, but the individual parameters are uncorrelated rather than compensating for one another. Parameter uncertainty is reduced by 16 %–41 % relative to the broad uniform prior distributions. While all strategies produce a similar goodness of fit for the assimilated variables, they differ in computational cost and in their estimation of uncertainty for unassimilated variables. The All-parameters strategy provides a fuller accounting of parametric uncertainty for unassimilated variables, because it allows all parameters to vary rather than artificially fixing poorly known parameters at their default values. The method is computationally tractable thanks to the use of a one-dimensional model configuration, requiring approximately 24 CPU-hours for the optimization step, whereas the prerequisite GSA was ∼ 40 times more computationally expensive. When implemented in the three-dimensional IBI (Iberian–Biscay–Irish) regional model at 1/36° resolution over a three-year period (2017–2019), the optimized parameter set from the All-parameters strategy improves the overall normalised RMSE against approximately 1430 independent BGC-Argo vertical profiles of nutrients and carbonates, although nitrate and silicate show degraded skill in the Mediterranean. Surface chlorophyll a is also better reproduced across the domain, when evaluated against a multi-observation reprocessed product. The generality of the approach should be tested by applying it to additional BGC-Argo floats in other oceanic regions.
6. Age-dependent effects of mutualists on predator resistance in coral transplants: implications for reef restoration
关键词Tags: carbon pump carbon pump
摘要：珊瑚移植是珊瑚礁恢复的关键工具，但移植后的高死亡率（特别是在早期阶段）继续限制其有效性。食珊瑚海星的捕食是移植失败的主要原因，但互惠蟹（Trapezia spp. 和 Tetralia spp.）在调节年龄和大小依赖性抵抗力方面的作用仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们通过实验测试了共生蟹的保护功能是否取决于珊瑚群落的年龄、大小和共生群落的发展，以及延迟移植直至建立功能性共生是否可以提高存活率。将 0、3、6 和 12 个月大的 Pocillopora verrucosa 和 Acropora latistella 苗圃移植到 Tre 岛（越南芽庄湾）的珊瑚礁生物礁上，并暴露于 Culcita novaeguineae 和 Acanthaster planci 的自然捕食之下。 我们量化了移植死亡率、捕食者攻击、共生蟹的存在、物种组成和体型，并记录了原位防御行为。 P. verrucosa 的死亡率强烈依赖于年龄和大小：新收集的碎片和 3 个月大的菌落损失较高，而 6 个月和 12 个月大的菌落则表现出较低的死亡率。这种转变与发育良好的雌雄梯形对几乎普遍存在相一致，其体型随着寄主年龄的增长而显着增加，其防御效率与螃蟹的体型成正比。我们确定了一个关键的群体体积阈值（~0. 3–0. 7 dm3），通常在苗圃生长 3-6 个月后达到，超过该阈值，螃蟹介导的防御有效地防止了海星捕食。相比之下，A. 由于捕食压力，拉蒂斯拉在所有年龄段均表现出较高的死亡率，反映出四足蟹的保护能力相对较弱，尽管在较低的捕食强度下出现了一些依赖于体型的抵抗力。我们的结果表明，珊瑚移植的存活不仅取决于珊瑚群的大小，还取决于功能性互惠相互作用的建立。我们建议推迟移植，直到菌落超过确定的年龄和大小阈值并宿主成熟的功能性共生蟹对。将共生体建立纳入培育方案可以显着降低捕食驱动的死亡率，并大大提高珊瑚礁恢复工作的效率和生态意义。
Abstract: Coral transplantation is a key tool for reef restoration, yet high post-transplant mortality (particularly during early stages) continues to limit its effectiveness. Predation by corallivorous sea stars is a major cause of transplant loss, but the role of mutualistic crabs ( Trapezia spp. and Tetralia spp.) in mediating age- and size-dependent resistance remains poorly understood. Here, we experimentally tested whether the protective function of symbiotic crabs depends on coral colony age, size, and symbiont community development, and whether delaying transplantation until functional mutualisms are established enhances survival. Nursery reared colonies of Pocillopora verrucosa and Acropora latistella 0-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month-old were transplanted onto reef bioherms in Tre Island (Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam) and exposed to natural predation by Culcita novaeguineae and Acanthaster planci . We quantified transplant mortality, predator attacks, symbiont crab presence, species composition and body size, and documented defensive behaviors in situ . Mortality was strongly age- and size-dependent in P. verrucosa : freshly collected fragments and 3-month-old colonies suffered high losses, whereas 6- and 12-month-old colonies exhibited low mortality. This shift coincided with the near-universal presence of well-developed male-female Trapezia pairs whose size increased significantly with host age and whose defensive efficiency scaled positively with crabs’ body size. We identified a critical colony volume threshold (~0.3–0.7 dm³), typically reached after 3–6 months of nursery growth, beyond which crab-mediated defense effectively prevented sea star predation. In contrast, A. latistella showed high mortality across all age classes due to predation pressure, reflecting comparatively weaker protective capacity of Tetralia crabs, although some size-dependent resistance emerged under lower predation intensity. Our results demonstrate that coral transplant survival depends not only on colony size but also on the establishment of functional mutualistic interactions. We recommend delaying transplantation until colonies exceed the identified age and size threshold and host mature functional symbiont crab pairs. Integrating symbiont establishment into nursery protocols can significantly reduce predation driven mortality and substantially improve the efficiency and ecological significance of coral reef restoration efforts.
7. Response of the Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum to Mesoscale Eddy in the Western Bay of Bengal
关键词Tags: phytoplankton; vertical structure phytoplankton; vertical structure
摘要：Crossref 未提供该 DOI 的摘要。
Abstract: Crossref did not provide an abstract for this DOI.
8. Global assessment of merged multi-sensor ocean-colour chlorophyll-a products
关键词Tags: phytoplankton; ocean colour phytoplankton; ocean colour
摘要：叶绿素 a 浓度 (chla-a) 对于评估海洋生态系统的健康和状态非常重要。随着全球海洋颜色叶绿素a的估计值现已跨度25年，人们齐心协力，从不同的卫星传感器中生成合并的数据产品，以评估全球海洋上叶绿素a的长期变化。然而，迄今为止，这些合并的叶绿素a产品的性能尚未得到彻底评估。为了进行这样的评估，我们组装了一个大型全球原位数据集，其中包含准自主分光光度法衍生的叶绿素a，该数据集产生了超过13,000个卫星匹配，然后对它们进行过滤以产生最高质量的数据。 使用原位叶绿素 a 评估的合并海洋色叶绿素 a 产品套件包括两个海洋颜色 - 气候变化倡议 (OC-CCI) 版本（OC-CCI v5 和 OC-CCI v6）、两个 GlobColour 产品以及哥白尼海洋环境监测服务 (CMEMS) GlobColour L3 和 L4 以及 CMEMS-CCI 产品。结果证实，与从叶绿素离散估计中获得的结果相比，分光光度法得出的叶绿素 a 估计可以实现大量的卫星匹配，并且验证中的均方根误差更低。使用这些数据，所有卫星产品（GlobColour L4 间隙填充产品除外）都表现出与原位叶绿素数据类似的一致结果，平均相对百分比差异为 30%。 然而，残差（原位数据和卫星产品数据之间的差异）在叶绿素a范围内分布并不均匀，低叶绿素和高叶绿素a主要为负残差，中间叶绿素a主要为正残差。这些结果表明，20%–50% 左右的绝对偏差仍然影响叶绿素 a 范围特定部分的这些合并产品。
Abstract: Chlorophyll-a concentration (chl- a ) is important to assess the health and state of ocean ecosystems. With the availability of global ocean-colour chl- a estimates that now span 25 years, there has been a concerted effort to produce merged data products from different satellite sensors to assess changes in chl- a over the global ocean for long periods of time. However, to date, the performance of these merged chl- a products has not been thoroughly assessed. To perform such an assessment, we assembled a large global in situ dataset of quasi-autonomous spectrophotometrically-derived chl- a that resulted in >13,000 satellite match- ups and then filtered them to produce the highest quality data. The suite of merged ocean-colour chl- a products assessed using the in situ chl- a included two Ocean Colour - Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) versions (OC-CCI v5 and OC-CCI v6), two GlobColour products and the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) GlobColour L3 and L4 and CMEMS-CCI products. The results confirm that spectrophotometrically-derived chl- a estimates can achieve considerably larger numbers of satellite match ups and lower root mean squared errors in validation than those obtained from discrete estimates of chl- a . Using these data, all of the satellite products (except the GlobColour L4 gap-filled one) exhibited similarly consistent results with the in situ chl- a data with a mean relative percentage difference of 30%. Residuals (differences between in situ and satellite product data) were not homogeneously distributed across chl- a ranges however, with mainly negative residuals at low and high chl- a and mainly positive residuals at intermediate chl- a . These results illustrate that absolute biases of the order of 20%–50% still affect these merged products in specific parts of the chl- a range.
重点关注团队Focused team
9. Hologenomic rewiring facilitates dietary adaptation to chitin-rich marine resources in the crab-eating frog
关键词Tags: microbial carbon microbial carbon
摘要：背景 两栖动物对海洋环境的二次适应极为罕见。食蟹蛙 Fejervarya cancrivora 是唯一已知能够在潮间带完成生命周期的两栖动物，它面临着双重挑战：高盐度压力和富含几丁质蟹外骨骼的饮食。虽然渗透调节适应已得到充分记录，但宿主消化系统及其肠道微生物群在这种饮食专门化中的协同作用仍不清楚。结果在这里，我们综合了组织学分析、比较转录组学、几丁质酶活性测定和肠道宏基因组学，以比较 F. cancrivora 与其淡水同源物 F. multistriata 。我们发现 F. cancrivora 进化出了更厚的胃肌层和更长的胃绒毛，这与对坚硬猎物的增强处理一致。 比较转录组分析揭示了假定的几丁质酶编码转录本的扩展库（15 个对 8 个非冗余转录本），并且胃和肠组织都表现出显着更高和更耐 pH 的几丁质酶活性。相比之下，F. cancrivora 的肠道微生物群并未富集微生物几丁质降解基因，而是在功能上专门针对脂质代谢和 DNA 修复途径。一项受控喂养实验证实，脂质代谢中的微生物富集是由饮食驱动的，而 DNA 修复途径在很大程度上独立于饮食，并且可能反映了微生物组对慢性盐胁迫的内在适应。 结论 总之，这些发现表明了一种部分划分的宿主-微生物组策略，其中宿主管理几丁质分解，而微生物群则优化能量收获和内在应激耐受性。我们的研究结果为两栖动物海洋适应提供了新的范例，并强调了生态位扩张期间宿主微生物组的功能分化。临床试验编号 不适用。
Abstract: Background Secondary adaptation of amphibians to marine environments is exceptionally rare. The crab-eating frog, Fejervarya cancrivora , is the only known amphibian capable of completing its life cycle in intertidal zones, where it faces dual challenges: high salinity stress and a diet rich in chitinous crab exoskeletons. While osmoregulatory adaptations have been well documented, the synergistic roles of the host’s digestive system and its gut microbiota in this dietary specialization remain unclear. Results Here, we integrated histological analysis, comparative transcriptomics, chitinase activity assays, and gut metagenomics to compare F. cancrivora with its freshwater congener, F. multistriata . We found that F. cancrivora has evolved a thicker gastric muscularis and longer gastric villi, consistent with enhanced processing of hard prey. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed an expanded repertoire of putative chitinase encoding transcripts (15 vs. 8 non-redundant transcripts), and both gastric and intestinal tissues exhibit significantly higher and more pH-tolerant chitinase activity. In contrast, the gut microbiota of F. cancrivora is not enriched for microbial chitin degradation genes, but instead is functionally specialized for lipid metabolism and DNA repair pathways. A controlled feeding experiment confirmed that the microbial enrichment in lipid metabolism is diet-driven, while the DNA repair pathways is largely independent of diet and likely reflects microbiome-intrinsic adaptation to chronic saline stress. Conclusions Together, these findings suggest a partially partitioned host-microbiome strategy in which host manages chitin breakdown, while the microbiota optimizes energy harvest and intrinsic stress tolerance. Our findings provide a new paradigm for amphibian marine adaptation, and highlights host-microbiome functional differentiation during niche expansion. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
其他相关期刊：按主题相关性补充Other relevant journals: topical supplements
10. Shifts in microbial communities driven by the replacement of seagrasses by benthic macroalgae may exacerbate heatwave effects in eutrophicated coastal lagoons
关键词Tags: marine heatwaves; microbial carbon marine heatwaves; microbial carbon
摘要：气候变化预计将增加海洋热浪的频率和强度，从而延长极端海面温度的持续时间。这些事件会破坏分层、减少氧气供应并改变营养循环，最终重塑海洋群落的结构和功能。沿海泻湖的影响可能尤其严重，可能会损害其生物多样性和生态系统服务。在这项研究中，我们模拟了受控中生态条件下的海洋热浪，以研究其对富营养化的 Mar Menor 沿海泻湖中本地海草 Cymodocea nodosa 和机会性海藻 Caulerpa prolifera 定殖的沉积物中微生物群落的影响。 通过使用 16S rRNA 基因元条形码和成分数据分析，使用结合对数比分析和 glmnet 算法的互补统计方法来评估群落变化和生态相关分类单元。我们的结果表明，不同水生植物物种定植的沉积物具有不同功能的不同微生物群落。虽然与入侵性大型藻类 Caulerpa prolifera 相关的沉积物富含硫酸盐还原细菌（主要是 Desulfobacterota 和 Desulfosarcinaceae），但 Cymodocea nodosa 定殖的沉积物显示出更高丰度的硫氧化类群，例如 Thiotrichaceae 。在海洋热浪期间，Cymodocea nodosa沉积物表现出硫酸盐还原剂的增加以及有利于硫化物积累的硫氧化剂的减少。 这些发现表明，海洋热浪可能会改变沿海植被系统沉积物微生物硫循环，对生态系统的恢复力具有潜在影响。我们的结果还强调了在评估沿海泻湖对日益频繁和强烈的海洋热浪的反应时考虑微生物过程的重要性。重要性 沿海泻湖是最容易受到热异常影响的生态系统之一；然而，人们对沉积物相关微生物群落的反应仍知之甚少。在这里，我们在受控实验室条件下评估了模拟海洋热浪对与海草 Cymodocea nodosa 和大型藻类 Caulerpa prolifera 相关的沉积物微生物群的影响。 热浪暴露导致硫化合物的积累和微生物群落组成的显着变化，表明生物地球化学功能发生改变。这些微生物反应表明，海洋热浪可能会导致与富营养化泻湖营养不良事件相关的状况。我们的研究结果提供了证据，表明未来的海洋热浪可能会改变沿海泻湖沉积物的微生物组成，并强调迫切需要将微生物过程纳入生态系统监测和管理框架。
Abstract: Climate change is expected to increase both the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves, prolonging periods of extreme sea surface temperatures. These events can disrupt stratification, reduce oxygen availability, and alter nutrient cycling, ultimately reshaping marine community structure and function. Impacts are likely to be particularly severe in coastal lagoons, which could compromise their biodiversity and ecosystem services. In this study, we simulated a marine heatwave under controlled mesocosm conditions to investigate its influence on microbial communities in sediments colonized by the native seagrass Cymodocea nodosa and the opportunistic seaweed Caulerpa prolifera in the eutrophicated Mar Menor coastal lagoon. Community shifts and ecologically relevant taxa were assessed by using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and compositional data analysis, using complementary statistical approaches combining log ratio analysis and the glmnet algorithm. Our results show that sediments colonized by different macrophyte species harbor distinct microbial assemblages with different functional capacities. While sediments associated with the invasive macroalga Caulerpa prolifera were enriched in sulfate-reducing bacteria (mostly Desulfobacterota and Desulfosarcinaceae ), Cymodocea nodosa colonized sediments showed higher abundances of sulfur-oxidizing taxa such as Thiotrichaceae . During marine heatwaves, Cymodocea nodosa sediments exhibited an increase in sulfate reducers coupled with a decline in sulfur oxidizers that favored sulfide accumulation. These findings suggest that marine heatwaves may alter sediment microbial sulfur cycling in vegetated coastal systems, with potential implications for ecosystem resilience. Our results also highlight the importance of considering microbial processes when evaluating the responses of coastal lagoons to increasingly frequent and intense marine heatwaves. IMPORTANCE Coastal lagoons are among the ecosystems most vulnerable to thermal anomalies; however, the responses of sediment-associated microbial communities remain poorly understood. Here, we assess the impact of simulated marine heatwaves on sediment microbiota associated with the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa and the macroalga Caulerpa prolifera under controlled laboratory conditions. Heatwave exposure led to the accumulation of sulfur compounds and pronounced shifts in microbial community composition, indicating altered biogeochemical functioning. These microbial responses suggest that marine heatwaves could potentially contribute to conditions that have been associated with dystrophic events in eutrophicated lagoons. Our findings provide evidence that future marine heatwaves could alter the microbial composition of coastal lagoon sediments and highlight the urgent need to incorporate microbial processes into ecosystem monitoring and management frameworks.
11. Marine heatwave amplifies extreme multi-hazards of extratropical cyclone Babet
关键词Tags: marine heatwaves marine heatwaves
摘要：气候变化正在增加海洋热浪（MHW）的频率和强度，并加剧温带气旋带来的降雨。巴贝特风暴是英国 2023 年最具影响力的温带气旋，它在北海出现了约 7 周的 MHW 条件后，将其温度降低了约 1 °C。这场风暴给英国北部地区带来了极端降雨、大面积洪水和严重的海岸侵蚀。其持续的东南风在英国北海海岸线产生了超过 8 m 的有效波高和高达 60 cm 的浪涌。我们表明，MHW 是由持续的反气旋条件在地表产生的：晴朗的天空增强了短波加热，较弱的风减少了混合和潜在的冷却。随后的短暂气旋条件使热量渗透到深处并保留在北海浅海的整个深度。 使用最先进的区域耦合模型，我们评估了先前存在的重灾区条件如何影响风暴的演变和相关危害。温暖的陆架海促进了蒸发，增强了边界层并加深了气旋。事实上，快速、相对干燥和寒冷的东南低空急流放大了MHW上空的潜热和感热通量。这些极其强烈的海气通量导致了 MHW 的衰变，同时给风暴带来了额外的水分。相对于较冷的海洋反事实，MHW 放大了英国东北部的多种灾害后果，增加了河流流量 (12%–18%)、沿海波浪能 (∼ 9%) 和风暴潮 (∼ 20%)。这些结果凸显了 MHW 在西北欧浅层大陆架上作为多重灾害风暴影响放大器的作用，在那里多余的海洋热量无法逃逸到深处。
Abstract: Climate change is increasing marine heatwave (MHW) frequency and intensity and intensifying rainfall from extratropical cyclones. Storm Babet, the United Kingdom's most impactful 2023 extratropical cyclone, followed ∼ 7 weeks of MHW conditions in the North Sea and cooled it by ∼ 1 °C. The storm produced extreme rainfall, widespread flooding, and severe coastal erosion across northern regions of the UK. Its prolonged southeasterly winds generated above 8 m significant wave heights and up to 60 cm surge in the North Sea coastline of the UK. We show the MHW was generated at the surface by persistent anticyclonic conditions: clearer skies boosted shortwave heating, weaker winds reduced mixing and latent cooling. Subsequent short spells of cyclonic conditions allowed heat to penetrate at depth and be retained throughout the depth of the shallow North Sea. Using a state-of-the-art regional coupled model, we assess how pre-existing MHW conditions influenced the storm’s evolution and associated hazards. The warm shelf seas boosted evaporation, energised the boundary layer and deepened the cyclone. Indeed, the fast, relatively dry and cold southeasterly low-level jet saw amplified latent and sensible heat fluxes over the MHW. These extremely intense air-sea fluxes led to the decay of the MHW whilst loading the storm with additional moisture. Relative to a cooler ocean counterfactual, the MHW amplified multihazard outcomes across the Northeast of the UK, increasing river discharge (12 %–18 %), coastal wave power (∼ 9 %), and storm surge (∼ 20 %). These results highlight the role of MHWs as amplifiers of multi-hazard storm impacts over the shallow Northwest European Shelf, where extra ocean heat cannot escape to depth.