Paper Push: 2026-07-23
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每日论文推送：BGC-Argo、海色/海洋光学、海洋热浪与碳泵Daily Paper Push: BGC-Argo, ocean colour/ocean optics, marine heatwaves and carbon pump
本期由 GitHub Actions 自动检索生成：Nature/Science 系列优先，其次是用户指定重点期刊，再补充重点关注团队的新论文，最后纳入其他相关期刊；历史去重后保留 12 篇，不超过每日 50 篇上限。 This issue was generated automatically by GitHub Actions: Nature and Science series first, then the user-defined priority journals, then new papers from the focused team, followed by other relevant journals as topical supplements. After deduplication, 12 papers remain, below the daily limit of 50.
Download Word summary
无 mechanism sketch 图。今天的意大利语卡片： No mechanism sketch figure today. Daily Italian card:
每日一句意大利语Daily Italian
Poca favilla gran fiamma seconda.
Dante, Commedia, Paradiso I, 34; Italian original from Kalliope
这句说，小火花之后可以跟随大火焰。它适合用来表达微小开端可能引出巨大结果。
A small spark may be followed by a great flame. It is a compact image of large consequences from small beginnings.
趋势总结Trend Summary
本期重点关注 BGC-Argo、海色遥感/海洋光学、海洋热浪、浮游植物垂向结构和碳泵过程。筛选逻辑不再只限于重点期刊；当高影响力期刊当天新增较少时，会额外检索重点关注团队作者的新论文，并用海洋、海色/光学和碳循环关键词过滤，再从其他相关期刊补充候选论文。
This issue focuses on BGC-Argo, ocean-colour remote sensing, ocean optics, marine heatwaves, vertical phytoplankton structure and carbon-pump processes. The selection is no longer limited to priority journals; when few high-impact papers are newly available, the workflow also checks focused-team authors and filters those papers with ocean, ocean-colour/optics, and carbon-cycle keywords before adding other relevant journals as supplements.
重点期刊：按影响力和相关性排序Key journals: ordered by impact and relevance
1. Lagoon temperature and hydrodynamics of Reao Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia) before and during the 2024 El-Niño marine heatwave
作者Authors: Esther Ladet; Carla Chevillard; Romain Le Gendre; Thomas Trophime; Sébastien Petton; Simon Van Wynsberge
发表月份Publication month: 2026-07 2026-07
Earth System Science Data · DOI: 10.5194/essd-18-5283-2026
关键词Tags: marine heatwaves marine heatwaves
摘要：在法属波利尼西亚，土阿莫土群岛东部的半封闭环礁是以巨蛤资源为基础的渔业和海水养殖活动的所在地。这些活动越来越容易受到全球变暖的影响，2024 年 3 月在雷奥环礁观察到的大规模白化事件就证明了这一点，该事件是由该泻湖有记录以来最强烈、最持久的海洋热浪 (MHW) 引发的。 GAIA 项目（环礁泻湖小规模渔业管理战略评估）的启动是为了解决这一问题，旨在探索气候变化下巨蛤渔业的可持续性，特别关注 MHW 期间驱动热暴露的过程。 为了实现这一目标，使用系泊自主海洋传感器监测环礁边缘的空间和时间温度波动、泻湖环流以及海洋与泻湖之间的水交换动态。 2016 年 12 月至 2025 年 5 月期间共进行了 6 个监测期，最广泛的仪器覆盖了整个 2024 年 2 月至 3 月的 MHW 事件。这些观测的优势不仅在于它们覆盖了一个独特且采样不良的生态系统，而且还在于它们对异常的MHW事件的全面记录，从它的爆发、高峰到消散，为热带半封闭环礁泻湖中主要热异常的整个生命周期提供了前所未有的记录。 该数据集还支持未来的建模工作，以模拟温度动态并识别气候变化情景下环礁泻湖的热避难所。所有数据均经过后处理、质量控制并格式化为可互操作的 NetCDF 文件。完整数据集可通过 SEANOE 海洋数据平台公开访问：https://doi。 org/10. 17882/105885（Le Gendre 等人，2025a）。
Abstract: In French Polynesia, semi-closed atolls of the eastern Tuamotu Archipelago are home to fisheries and mariculture activities based on giant clam resources. These activities are increasingly vulnerable to global warming, as evidenced by the mass bleaching event observed in Reao atoll in March 2024, triggered by the most intense and prolonged Marine Heatwave (MHW) ever recorded in this lagoon. The GAIA project (manaGement strAtegy evaluatIon for small-scale fisheries in Atoll lagoons) was launched to address this issue and aimed to explore the sustainability of giant clam fisheries under climate change, with a particular focus on processes driving thermal exposure during MHWs. To achieve this, spatial and temporal temperature fluctuations, lagoon circulation, and water exchange dynamics between ocean and lagoon across the atoll rim were monitored using moored autonomous oceanographic sensors. A total of 6 monitoring periods took place between December 2016 and May 2025, with the most extensive instrumentation covering the entire February–March 2024 MHW event. The strength of these observations lies not only in their coverage of a unique and poorly sampled ecosystem, but also in their comprehensive documentation of an exceptional MHW event, from its onset and peak to its dissipation, providing an unprecedented record of the full life cycle of a major thermal anomaly in a tropical semi-closed atoll lagoon. This dataset also supports future modelling efforts to simulate temperature dynamics and identify thermal refugia in atoll lagoons under changing climate scenarios. All data were post-processed, quality-controlled, and formatted into interoperable NetCDF files. The full dataset is openly accessible through the SEANOE marine data platform: https://doi.org/10.17882/105885 (Le Gendre et al., 2025a).
2. Decadal ocean observations in the Northwestern Mediterranean: insights from the MOOSE-GE cruises
作者Authors: Laurent Coppola; Anthony Bosse; Thibaut Wagener; Dominique Lefevre; Magali Lescot; François Carlotti; Fabien Lombard; Lionel Guidi; et al.
发表月份Publication month: 2026-07 2026-07
Earth System Science Data · DOI: 10.5194/essd-18-5303-2026
关键词Tags: phytoplankton phytoplankton
摘要：年度 MOOSE-GE 巡航系列是 MOOSE 区域海洋观测系统的支柱，提供独特的数据集来观测和了解西北地中海盆地的大规模物理、生物地球化学和生物过程，该地区是对气候变化反应比世界其他许多地区更快的关键地区。这些航行解决了重大科学挑战，例如监测深层和中度对流的变化和影响，这在深水通风、沿海-公海交换、碳封存以及这个高度动态系统中浮游植物生产的演变中发挥着至关重要的作用。它们还可以评估气候变化对海洋物理学、海洋生物多样性、生物资源和海水化学（包括氧气、营养物和溶解碳）的影响。 需要持续观测来跟踪快速趋势，例如中层和深水温度和盐度的上升、氧浓度的下降、营养物和碳酸盐系统的年际变化、预计水体分层的增加以及热量和盐含量的变化。 这些长期数据集对于气候模型验证和过程研究以及评估地中海环境状况都是不可或缺的。 数据可通过 https://doi 访问。 org/10. 18142/235（科波拉等人。 ，2010），https://doi。 org/10. 17882/99825（Bosse 等人。 ，2024a），https://doi。 org/10. 17882/44411（Bosse 等人。 ，2025），https://doi。 org/10. 17882/45980（Durrieu de Madron 等人。 ，2024），https://doi。 org/10. 17882/43749（科波拉等人。 ，2025），https://doi。 org/10. 17882/99865（迪米尔等人。 ，2024）。
Abstract: The annual MOOSE-GE cruise series is the backbone of the MOOSE regional ocean observing system providing a unique dataset to observe and understand large-scale physical, biogeochemical and biological processes in the northwestern Mediterranean basin, a key region that is responding to climate change faster than many other parts of the world. These cruises address major scientific challenges, such as monitoring the variability and impact of deep and intermediate convection, which plays a crucial role in deep-water ventilation, coastal–open ocean exchanges, carbon sequestration and the evolution of phytoplankton production in this highly dynamic system. They also allow the assessment of climate change effects on ocean physics, marine biodiversity, biological resources, and seawater chemistry, including oxygen, nutrients, and dissolved carbon. Sustained observations are required to track rapid trends such as increasing temperature and salinity in intermediate and deep waters, declining oxygen concentrations, nutrients and carbonate system inter-annual variabilities, expected increased stratification of the water column and variations in heat and salt contents. These long-term datasets are indispensable both for climate model validation and process studies, as well as for assessing the environmental status of the Mediterranean Sea. The data can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.18142/235 (Coppola et al., 2010), https://doi.org/10.17882/99825 (Bosse et al., 2024a), https://doi.org/10.17882/44411 (Bosse et al., 2025), https://doi.org/10.17882/45980 (Durrieu de Madron et al., 2024), https://doi.org/10.17882/43749 (Coppola et al., 2025), https://doi.org/10.17882/99865 (Dimier et al., 2024).
3. Two Decades of Ocean Color and Thermal Front Variability in the Chinese Coastal Ocean
作者Authors: Ninghui Zhang; Lian Feng; Chunmiao Zheng
发表月份Publication month: 2026-07 2026-07
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · DOI: 10.1029/2026jc024446
关键词Tags: phytoplankton; ocean colour; absorption; microbial carbon phytoplankton; ocean colour; absorption; microbial carbon
摘要：洋锋是具有重要生态意义的重要海洋特征，但由于遥感数据质量和时间覆盖范围不足，对中国大陆架海（CSS）的综合多参数锋面分析仍然有限。为了解决这一差距，我们开发并分析了来自 MODIS 图像的 20 年锋面数据集，包括三个关键参数：中国 CSS 的碎屑和有色溶解有机物的吸收系数 (a dg (443))、浮游植物 (a ph (443)) 和海面温度 (SST)。我们的研究结果表明，不同的锋面类型可能是由不同的机制驱动的：海洋颜色锋面可能与潮汐混合过程相关，而海温锋面则受到潮汐混合以及不同水团汇聚的影响。 在空间上，两个海洋颜色指示器在近岸区域沿着等深线显示出显着的对齐，表明一致的水动力控制。时间分析揭示了海洋颜色锋梯度幅度（FGM）显着下降的趋势（dg 分别为 -1. 15% yr -1 ， ph 分别为 -0. 68% yr -1 ），这可能归因于区域变暖和风速减弱。相比之下，海温锋面在高 FGM 区域表现出冬季强化，反映了整个水体温度变化模式的空间异质性。这些发现加深了我们对中国CSS锋面变化和气候响应的理解，为海洋生态系统管理和气候影响评估提供了见解。
Abstract: Ocean fronts are critical oceanographic features with significant ecological implications, yet comprehensive multi‐parameter frontal analyses remain limited for Chinese Continental Shelf Seas (CSS) due to insufficient remote sensing data quality and temporal coverage. To address this gap, we developed and analyzed a 20‐year frontal data set derived from MODIS imagery for three key parameters: the absorption coefficients of detritus and colored dissolved organic matter (a dg (443)), phytoplankton (a ph (443)), and sea surface temperature (SST) across Chinese CSS. Our findings suggested that different frontal types may be driven by distinct mechanisms: ocean color fronts are potentially associated with tidal mixing processes, whereas SST fronts are influenced by tidal mixing as well as the convergence of different water masses. Spatially, the two ocean color indicators showed remarkable alignment along isobaths in nearshore regions, indicating consistent hydrodynamic controls. Temporal analysis revealed significant declining trends in ocean color front gradient magnitude (FGM) (−1.15% yr −1 for a dg , −0.68% yr −1 for a ph , respectively), potentially attributed to regional warming and weakening wind speeds. In contrast, SST fronts exhibited winter intensification in high FGM regions, reflecting the spatial heterogeneity of temperature change patterns across water masses. These findings advanced our understanding of frontal variability and climate responses in Chinese CSS, providing insights for marine ecosystem management and climate impact assessment.
4. Eddies in Seasonally Ice‐Covered Fjords of the Northern Canadian Arctic Archipelago
作者Authors: Igor A. Dmitrenko; Sergei A. Kirillov; Paul G. Myers; David Capelle; David G. Babb; Clark Pennelly; Lisa C. Matthes; Dorthe Dahl‐Jensen
发表月份Publication month: 2026-07 2026-07
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · DOI: 10.1029/2026jc024190
关键词Tags: phytoplankton phytoplankton
摘要：我们首次对陆地上冰雪覆盖的峡湾内的气旋经过和静止涡流进行直接观察，这些峡湾中风应力无法驱动涡流。通过对加拿大北部北极群岛进行的一系列 2025 年冬季和春季现场观测，我们确定了陆地冰盖下的三个斜压涡流。这些涡流呈现出双凹负透镜形状，通常与气旋“稀释剂”相关——以压缩模式水层为特征的气旋涡流。我们进一步观察到，在相对较短的开放水域季节，当观察到剩余的冰以匹配的气旋模式漂移时，气旋的“薄层”转变为典型的表面强化涡流。 进一步检查高分辨率区域模型中该区域的海洋学，我们发现在完全相同的位置模拟了驻涡。模拟揭示了上层 50 米水层的季节性模式，7 月至 10 月期间气旋涡度升高，对应于海冰浓度的减少。这种季节性循环很可能是通过与海冰的摩擦来抑制冰下的涡流来控制的。这影响了当地的生物生产力。水与旋风“稀释剂”的向下运动抵消了涡流引起的上升流并限制了营养物质的向上通量。相反，斜压“稀薄层”转变为典型的气旋涡流，促进了营养丰富的太平洋海水的上涌。 这推动了 2025 年 9 月观察到的浮游植物生物量急剧增加，这可能在区域食物网中发挥至关重要的作用。
Abstract: We present the first direct observations of cyclonic passing and standing eddies within landfast ice‐covered fjords where wind stress is unavailable to drive the eddies. Using a series of winter and spring 2025 in situ observations from the northern Canadian Arctic Archipelago, we identify three baroclinic eddies beneath the landfast ice cover. These eddies exhibit a double‐concave, negative lens shape, typically associated with cyclonic “thinners”—cyclonic eddies characterized by a compressed mode‐water layer. We further observe the transformation of a cyclonic standing “thinner” into a typical surface‐intensified eddy during the relatively short open water season when the remaining ice was observed to be drifting in a matching cyclonic pattern. Further examining the oceanography of the region within a high‐resolution regional model, we find that a standing eddy was simulated at the exact same location. The simulation revealed seasonal patterns in the upper 50‐m water layer, with elevated cyclonic vorticity between July and October, corresponding to a reduction in sea ice concentration. This seasonal cycle is likely controlled by friction with sea ice damping the eddies beneath the ice. This impacts local biological productivity. The downward movement of water with cyclonic “thinners” counteracts eddy‐induced upwelling and limits the upward flux of nutrients. Conversely, the transformation of the baroclinic “thinner” into a typical cyclonic eddy promoted the upwelling of nutrient‐rich Pacific water. This drove a sharp increase in phytoplankton biomass observed in September 2025, which could play a crucial role in the regional food web.
5. Characteristics of Coherent Eddies in the Arctic Eurasian Basin Halocline Inferred From a Model Simulation at 1‐km Resolution
作者Authors: Vasco Müller; Sergey Danilov; Thomas Jung; Nikolay Koldunov; Qiang Wang
发表月份Publication month: 2026-07 2026-07
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · DOI: 10.1029/2025jc023217
关键词Tags: vertical structure vertical structure
摘要：中尺度涡流是北冰洋的丰富特征，影响海洋动力学和分层，输送热量、盐和营养物质，并调节海冰融化。在这项研究中，我们使用非结构化网格有限体积海冰海洋模型 (FESOM2) 在 1 公里分辨率的海洋模拟中检测和跟踪相干涡流。检测到的涡流的特征在于其特性及其空间和季节变化。然后，我们使用涡流引起的异常的准 3D 复合材料来评估它们对水柱和海冰的影响。涡流的产生集中在地形特征和边界流上，涡流大小与局部罗斯贝半径成比例。 反气旋涡流 (AE) 始终比气旋涡流 (CE) 更大、更有活力，并将温暖、咸味的大西洋海水提升到上层海洋，驱动垂直热通量并引发局部基底海冰融化。 相比之下，CE 是井下冷地表水，对地表热量预算的影响最小。 综合分析表明，涡流引起的异常在弗拉姆海峡最强，下游减弱，浮冰下的异常比边缘冰区（MIZ）更大。 我们的结果支持“涡冰泵浦”机制的存在，其中海冰的表面应力增强了垂直传输并加速了涡流衰减。 我们的研究结果强调了中尺度涡流在欧亚北极垂直交换和大西洋化过程中的积极作用，并强调了高分辨率模型对于解释观测和未来变化的价值。
Abstract: Mesoscale eddies are abundant features in the Arctic Ocean, influencing ocean dynamics and stratification, transporting heat, salt, and nutrients, and modulating sea ice melting. In this study, we detect and track coherent eddies in an ocean simulation at 1 km resolution using the unstructured‐mesh Finite volumE Sea ice‐Ocean Model (FESOM2). Detected eddies are characterized by their properties and their spatial and seasonal variability. We then use quasi‐3D composites of eddy‐induced anomalies to assess their effect on the water column and sea ice. Eddy generation is concentrated along topographic features and the boundary current, with eddy sizes scaling with the local Rossby radius. Anticyclonic eddies (AE) are consistently larger and more energetic than cyclonic eddies (CE) and uplift warm, salty Atlantic Water into the upper ocean, driving vertical heat fluxes and inducing localized basal sea ice melt. CE, in contrast, downwell cold surface water and have minimal impact on the surface heat budget. Composite analysis shows that eddy‐induced anomalies are strongest in Fram Strait, weakening downstream, and larger under the pack ice than in the marginal ice zone (MIZ). Our results support the presence of an “Eddy‐Ice‐Pumping” mechanism in which surface stress with sea ice enhances vertical transports and accelerates eddy decay. Our findings highlight the active role of mesoscale eddies in vertical exchange and Atlantification processes in the Eurasian Arctic, and highlight the value of high‐resolution models for interpreting observations and future changes.
6. Harnessing the microbial carbon pump: prospects and challenges for coastal carbon sequestration
作者Authors: Jinzi Hao; Yue Sun; Xiaodi Shang; Boyuan Wang; Hailong Huang; Anran Wang; Xiaohan Yang; Lei Jia; et al.
发表月份Publication month: 2026-07 2026-07
Frontiers in Marine Science · DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2026.1897665
关键词Tags: carbon pump; microbial carbon carbon pump; microbial carbon
摘要：海洋微生物碳泵（MCP）理论提出了一种海洋长期碳封存的新机制，其中微生物过程将不稳定溶解有机碳（LDOC）转化为顽固性溶解有机碳（RDOC）。本综述综合了基于 MCP 的旨在增强碳汇的最新技术进展，特别强调沿海生态系统。通过结构化文献综述，本文评估了与利用 MCP 增强海洋碳汇相关的作用机制、关键环境监管因素和负排放技术。研究表明，MCP 对全球海洋碳库贡献显着，沿海系统占 RDOC 产量的 40-60%。 然而，这种贡献受到养分可用性、温度、光照和抑制微生物活动的人为污染物的限制。目前增强碳汇的策略包括养分添加、微生物群落工程和综合生态工程方法，例如人工上升流和大型藻类培养。主要挑战仍然存在，特别是低 RDOC 转换效率（<5%）、监测方法不足以及有害藻华等生态风险，这些挑战在大规模部署 MCP 技术之前必须解决。 MCP 框架为理解海洋碳循环提供了一个新颖且有用的视角，并提出了一条需要进一步验证以实现负排放的潜在途径。 在审查的策略中，综合人工上升流与大型藻类种植似乎是最立即可行的，试点研究表明沉积物碳储存量增加了 15-25%，但仍需要在环境相关规模上进行验证。
Abstract: The Marine Microbial Carbon Pump (MCP) theory proposes a novel mechanism for long-term carbon sequestration in the ocean, wherein microbial processes convert labile dissolved organic carbon (LDOC) into recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC). This review synthesizes recent advancements in technologies aimed at enhancing carbon sinks based on the MCP, with a specific emphasis on coastal ecosystems. Through a structured literature review, this paper evaluates the mechanisms of action, key environmental regulatory factors, and negative emissions technologies associated with utilizing the MCP to bolster the ocean carbon sink. Research indicates that the MCP significantly contributes to the global ocean carbon reservoir, with coastal systems accounting for 40–60% of RDOC production. However, this contribution is constrained by nutrient availability, temperature, light, and anthropogenic pollutants that suppress microbial activity. Current strategies for enhancing carbon sinks encompass nutrient addition, microbial community engineering, and integrated ecological engineering approaches, such as artificial upwelling and macroalgae cultivation. Major challenges remain—particularly low RDOC conversion efficiency (<5%), inadequate monitoring methods, and ecological risks such as harmful algal blooms—that must be addressed before MCP technologies can be deployed at scale. The MCP framework offers a novel and useful perspective for understanding the ocean carbon cycle and presents a potential pathway that requires further validation for achieving negative emissions. Among the strategies reviewed, integrated artificial upwelling with macroalgae cultivation appears most immediately actionable, with pilot studies demonstrating 15–25% increases in sediment carbon storage, though verification at environmentally relevant scales is still required.
7. Enhancing hyperspectral VNIR spatial resolution on the coastal landscape: getting 63 bands at 3 m through the PRISMA VNIR and PlanetScope Dove-R fusion
作者Authors: Antoine Collin; Laurine Nogue; Manuel Salgueiro Simon; Gwenal Hervouët; Tony Durozier
发表月份Publication month: 2026-07 2026-07
Remote Sensing · DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xlix-b1-2026-3-2026
关键词Tags: ocean colour ocean colour
摘要：沿海地区由陆地和海洋的交界处组成，在过去的几个世纪里，海岸线以前所未有的速度发生着变化。在全球范围内，这样的轨迹加剧了沿海风险（交叉危害、暴露和脆弱性），需要可扩展的方法来确保精确和准确的监测。观测解决方案之一在于提供最精细空间和光谱分辨率的卫星平台。由于遥感是一门权衡科学，因此没有任何传感器能够在空间特异性和光谱特异性方面都表现出色。我们提出了一项原创性研究，旨在创建具有高空间和光谱特征的图像，旨在对法国布列塔尼温带地区的代表性沿海地区（12 个栖息地类别）进行分类。 该方法强调了基于同时采集（10 分钟差异）30 米高光谱 PRISMA 卫星图像和 3 米 PlanetScope (Dove-R) 图像的可转移融合程序，鉴于 PlanetScope 星座的极高时间分辨率，这一过程成为可能。使用来自 4 个 PlanetScope Dove-R 波段（在 3 m 处收集）的波段线性预测，成功地将可见光和近红外光谱（63 个波段）中的高光谱 PRISMA 图像的空间分辨率放大到 3 m。模型残差显示，全色锐化 PRISMA 图像 (5 m) 比原始 PRISMA 图像（30 m，绝对偏差 0,015）得到了更好的增强（绝对偏差为 0,011）。海水和泥滩是升级的最佳栖息地，而道路和屋顶是预测的最差类别。
Abstract: The coastal zones consist of the interfaces between land and sea, undergoing the mobility of the shoreline at an unprecedented pace over the last centuries. Such a trajectory, at the global scale, exacerbates the coastal risks (intersecting hazards, exposure and vulnerability), calling upon a scalable methodology to ensure the precise and accurate monitoring. One of the observation solutions resides in the satellite platform provided with the finest spatial and spectral resolutions. Because remote sensing is a science of trade-offs, no sensors can be both excellent in spatial and spectral specificities.We propose an original research study to create an imagery endowed with both high spatial and spectral characteristics, purposed to classify a representative coastal zone (12 habitat classes) in a temperate area in Brittany, France. The methodology highlights a transferable fusion procedure based on the simultaneous acquisition (10-min difference) of the 30-m hyperspectral PRISMA satellite imagery and the 3-m PlanetScope (Dove-R) imagery, made possible given the very high temporal resolution of the PlanetScope constellation. The spatial resolution of the hyperspectral PRISMA imagery, in the visible and near-infrared spectrum (63 bands), was successfully upscaled at 3 m, using a bandwise linear prediction from the 4 PlanetScope Dove-R bands (collected at 3 m). The model residuals showed that the pansharpened PRISMA imagery (5 m) was better enhanced (absolute deviation of 0,011) than the original PRISMA imagery (30 m, absolute deviation of 0,015). Seawater and mudflat were the best habitats upscaled, whereas the road and the roof were the worst classes predicted.
8. Multi-Source Remote Sensing for Maritime Security: A Performance Evaluation of SAR and RGB Imagery for Small-Scale Fishing Vessel Detection
作者Authors: Stefano Chiappini; Alessandro Galdelli; Andrea Fiorani; Marsia Sanità; Carmen Ferrà; Anna Nora Tassetti; Roberto Pierdicca
发表月份Publication month: 2026-07 2026-07
Remote Sensing · DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xlix-b1-2026-621-2026
关键词Tags: ocean colour; bio-optics ocean colour; bio-optics
摘要：在沿海水域，有效的海上监视和小规模渔业管理仍然具有挑战性，因为小型船只没有得到系统跟踪，并且在中分辨率卫星图像中往往表现不佳。在 AI4COPSEC Horizon Europe 框架内，本研究调查了用于监测意大利马尔凯和普利亚亚得里亚海沿岸小型船只的对象检测工作流程。 Sentinel-2 和高分辨率 PlanetScope RGB 图像经过手动注释，以构建特定于任务的光学数据集，并微调先前在更大的 SAR 光学血管数据集上预训练的模型。这种两阶段策略旨在在预训练期间利用异构船舶表示，然后使探测器适应目标沿海光域。 生成的数据集包含 4,202 个用于预训练的图像图块和 706 个用于微调的图像图块，分别具有 16,096 个和 1,716 个血管注释，全部属于单个目标类别。使用在一致协议下训练的几种 YOLOv26 配置进行检测实验，以评估模型复杂性、准确性和计算效率之间的权衡。在标准变体中，YOLOv26-M 实现了最平衡的性能，精度为 0. 813，召回率为 0. 846，F1 分数为 0. 829，准确度为 0. 719，mAP50-95 为 0. 306。修剪和轻量级替代方案表现出竞争性的效率导向行为。 结果表明，在小目标沿海环境中，增加模型大小并不一定会产生成比例的增益，而面向任务的架构设计可以改善检测质量和计算成本之间的平衡。
Abstract: Effective maritime surveillance and small-scale fisheries management remain challenging in coastal waters, where small vessels are not systematically tracked and are often poorly represented in medium-resolution satellite imagery. Within the AI4COPSEC Horizon Europe framework, this study investigates an object-detection workflow for monitoring small vessels along the Adriatic coasts of Marche and Puglia, Italy. Sentinel-2 and high-resolution PlanetScope RGB imagery were manually annotated to build a task-specific optical dataset and to fine-tune models previously pretrained on a larger SAR-optical vessel dataset. This two-stage strategy was designed to exploit heterogeneous vessel representations during pretraining and then adapt the detector to the target coastal optical domain. The resulting dataset comprised 4,202 image tiles for pretraining and 706 tiles for fine-tuning, with 16,096 and 1,716 vessel annotations, respectively, all belonging to a single target class. Detection experiments were conducted using several YOLOv26 configurations trained under a consistent protocol to assess the trade-off between model complexity, accuracy, and computational efficiency. Among the standard variants, YOLOv26-M achieved the most balanced performance, with Precision of 0.813, Recall of 0.846, F1-score of 0.829, Accuracy of 0.719 and mAP50-95 of 0.306. Pruned and lightweight alternatives showed competitive efficiency-oriented behaviour. Results indicate that, in small-target coastal environments, increasing model size does not necessarily yield proportional gains, whereas task-oriented architectural design improves the balance between detection quality and computational cost.
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9. Cross–Spectrum–Based Shallow Water Retrieval Using High–Resolution C–Band Miniaturized SAR Satellites
作者Authors: Lingfeng Zhou; Quankun Li; Liangsheng Li; Xupu Geng; Xiao-Hai Yan
发表月份Publication month: 2026-07 2026-07
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · DOI: 10.3390/jmse14141343
关键词Tags: ocean colour ocean colour
摘要：地形地貌信息为人类开发利用自然资源、防灾减灾、生态环境保护、科学研究等提供重要依据。在星载遥感方法中，合成孔径雷达（SAR）因其主动发射和接收微波信号的能力而脱颖而出，能够实现高空间覆盖、全天候、全天观测。随着小型卫星星座的快速发展，高分辨率重访和高分辨率SAR数据变得更加容易获取，为动态海洋观测提供了前所未有的机会。然而，现有基于功率谱分析的SAR测深方法容易受到海尖噪声和180°方向模糊的影响，限制了其在沿海浅水区的准确性。 为了解决这些限制，使用来自迷你 SAR 星座（包括 HiSea-1 和 Chaohu-1）的高分辨率图像开发了一种基于跨谱的波浪射线跟踪测深检索算法（CS-WRT）。该方法将互谱分析纳入局域波射线跟踪框架中，可有效抑制海尖噪声并准确提取浅水波矢量。将 CS-WRT 应用于台湾海峡上空的六幅 SAR 图像，在沿海环境中，CS-WRT 的表现始终优于功率谱方法。在晋江沿海地区，与电子海图（ENC）数据比较，均方根误差为2. 22 m，平均绝对百分比误差为7. 06%，皮尔逊相关系数为0. 84。 对浅滩坡度参数 k 的分析进一步表明，更强的波浪浅滩效应与提高的反演精度相关，表明其作为反演可靠性诊断指标的潜力。
Abstract: Topographic and geomorphic information provides an essential basis for human development and utilization of natural resources, disaster prevention and mitigation, ecological environment protection, and scientific research. Among spaceborne remote sensing approaches, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) stands out due to its ability to actively transmit and receive microwave signals, enabling high spatial coverage, all–weather, and all–day observation. With the rapid development of miniaturized satellite constellations, high–revisit and high–resolution SAR data have become more accessible, offering unprecedented opportunities for dynamic ocean observation. However, existing SAR–based bathymetry methods based on power–spectrum analysis are susceptible to sea–spike noise and 180° directional ambiguity, limiting their accuracy in shallow coastal waters. To address these limitations, a Cross–Spectrum–based Wave Ray Tracking bathymetry retrieval algorithm (CS–WRT) is developed using high–resolution imagery from mini–SAR constellations including HiSea–1 and Chaohu–1. The method incorporates cross–spectrum analysis into a localized wave ray tracking framework to effectively suppress sea–spike noise and accurately extract shallow–water wave vectors. Applied to six SAR images over the Taiwan Strait, CS–WRT consistently outperformed the power–spectrum approach in coastal environments. In the Jinjiang coastal region, comparison with Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) data yielded a root mean square error of 2.22 m, a mean absolute percentage error of 7.06%, and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.84. Analysis of the shoaling slope parameter k further revealed that stronger wave shoaling effects correlate with improved retrieval accuracy, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic indicator of retrieval reliability.
10. Effects of Environmental Stressors on the Spring Zooplankton Community in Qinzhou Bay, China
作者Authors: Jun Zeng; Hao Li; Wengang Xu; Lijiao Deng; Fu Lei; Rongcan Zhang; Mingben Xu; Vin Cent Tai; et al.
发表月份Publication month: 2026-07 2026-07
Diversity · DOI: 10.3390/d18070442
关键词Tags: phytoplankton phytoplankton
摘要：多种环境压力源可以直接或间接影响沿海水域浮游动物群落结构。然而，量化富营养化介导途径的相对重要性仍然具有挑战性。本研究在春季对钦州湾24个站点的浮游动物、浮游植物和水体状况进行了调查，并利用相关分析和结构方程模型（SEM）研究了富营养化与浮游动物生物量之间的关联。结果表明，浮游动物生物量由内湾向外湾逐渐增加；而浮游动物均匀度下降。生物量与富营养化指数和浮游动物均匀度均显着负相关；单个小型桡足类在数量上占主导地位，因此高生物量和低均匀度同时出现，作为优势的表现。 SEM 显示了可接受的拟合，并且主要通过重金属富集、群落优势（低均匀度）和浮游植物密度降低将富营养化与浮游动物生物量降低联系起来。富营养化与生物量之间的总关联为-0。 40，主要是间接的，而不是通过显着的直接路径（−0. 13，p = 0. 51），以重金属富集和群落优势（低均匀度）作为主要的统计中介。由于数据来自 24 个站点的单次春季调查，因此这些路径系数应解释为需要多季节确认的相关关联。
Abstract: Multiple environmental stressors can directly or indirectly affect zooplankton community structure in marine coastal waters. However, quantifying the relative importance of eutrophication-mediated pathways remains challenging. In this study, we surveyed zooplankton, phytoplankton, and water conditions at 24 stations in Qinzhou Bay during spring and used correlation analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine the association between eutrophication and zooplankton biomass. The results showed that zooplankton biomass increased from the Inner Bay to the Outer Bay; whereas, zooplankton evenness decreased. Biomass was significantly negatively correlated with both the eutrophication index and zooplankton evenness; a single small copepod numerically dominated the assemblage, so high biomass and low evenness co-occurred as expressions of dominance. The SEM showed an acceptable fit and linked eutrophication to lower zooplankton biomass mainly through heavy-metal enrichment, community dominance (low evenness), and reduced phytoplankton density. The total association between eutrophication and biomass was −0.40, primarily indirect rather than through a significant direct path (−0.13, p = 0.51), with heavy-metal enrichment and community dominance (low evenness) as the main statistical mediators. Because the data come from a single spring survey of 24 stations, these path coefficients should be interpreted as correlational associations requiring multi-season confirmation.
11. Spatial association between particulate organic carbon and bottom-water oxygen under stratification during spring in the East China Sea
作者Authors: Mingyang Li; Guicheng Zhang; Meng Wang; Wenzhe Xu; Shujin Guo
发表月份Publication month: 2026-07 2026-07
Regional Studies in Marine Science · DOI: 10.1016/j.rsma.2026.105282
关键词Tags: ocean biogeochemistry ocean biogeochemistry
摘要：Crossref 未提供该 DOI 的摘要。
Abstract: Crossref did not provide an abstract for this DOI.
其他相关期刊：按主题相关性补充Other relevant journals: topical supplements
12. Ocean iron fertilisation field trials: A step forwards or a step too far?
作者Authors: Christopher R. Pearce
发表月份Publication month: 2026-07 2026-07
Dialogues on Climate Change · DOI: 10.1177/29768659261470911
关键词Tags: phytoplankton phytoplankton
摘要：有效评估海洋二氧化碳去除（mCDR）方法有助于缓解全球气候变化的潜力需要适当的现场数据，以便对这些技术进行可靠的评估。过去的海洋铁施肥（OIF）实验已经证明了这种方法有可能提高浮游植物的生产力，从而增加吸收到海水中的大气CO 2 的量，但没有研究通过该过程捕获的碳的持久性或额外性，促使Buesseler等人。提出新阶段更大、更长、更有针对性的 OIF 现场实验。 尽管此类试验不太可能解决与区域规模运营相关的潜在生态权衡的所有担忧（这些方面可能已被证明是 OIF 部署难以克服的障碍），但它们将增进我们对该技术的 CDR 潜力的理解，并有助于指导 OIF 可能被纳入更广泛的 mCDR 产品组合的环境。
Abstract: Effective evaluation of the potential for marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR) approaches to contribute to global climate change mitigation requires appropriate in-situ data on which the techniques can be robustly assessed. Past ocean iron fertilisation (OIF) experiments have demonstrated the potential for this approach to increase phytoplankton productivity, and hence the amount of atmospheric CO 2 absorbed into seawater, but did not investigate the durability or additionality of carbon captured through this process, prompting Buesseler et al. to propose a new phase of larger, longer and more targeted OIF field experiments. Although such trials are unlikely to address all concerns raised regarding potential ecological trade-offs associated with regional-scale operations – aspects that may yet prove to be an insurmountable barrier for OIF deployment – they would advance our understanding of the CDR potential of the technique and help guide the circumstances under which OIF might be included within a wider mCDR portfolio.
